Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event that causes substantial morbidity and mortality, for which no fully restorative treatments are available. Stem cells transplantation offers some promise in the restoration of neurological function but with limitations. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a well-appreciated neuroprotective factor that is involved with various aspects of neural cells. Herein, the IGF-1 gene was introduced into spinal cord-derived neural stem cells (NSCs) and expressed steadily. The IGF-1-transfected NSCs exhibited higher viability and were promoted to differentiate into oligodendrocytes. Moreover, the most possible underlying mechanism, through which IGF-1 exerted its neuroprotective effects, was investigated. The result revealed that the differentiation was mediated by the IGF-1 activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and its downstream pathway. These findings provide the evidence for revealing the therapeutic merits of IGF-1-modified NSCs for SCI.
Highlights
According to the data from the National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center, the annual incidence of spinal cord injury (SCI) in the United States of America is estimated to be around 40 cases per million of population
Surgery may lead to aggravating secondary damage by intraoperative blood loss and hypotension, and MP would increase the risk of infection, patients had a neurogenic bladder caused by spinal cord injury which can induce a strong resistance by long-term use of antibiotics [5,6,7,8]
Antibodies against Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), phosph-extracellular signalregulated kinases 1 and 2, and b-actin were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA), and anti-myelin basic protein (MBP) was obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, England)
Summary
According to the data from the National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center, the annual incidence of spinal cord injury (SCI) in the United States of America is estimated to be around 40 cases per million of population. SCI is a devastating neurological disorder that affected patients and their families, because it requires substantial long-term healthcare expenditure and permanently deprives of their life qualities [1]. SCI is highly heterogeneous, and the therapeutic approach differs depending on the location, extent, stage and time after the SCI. The current clinical therapeutic treatments for SCI mainly include surgical intervention, high doses of (MP) and symptomatic therapy followed by rehabilitation [2,3,4]. The new techniques may provide the neuroprotective support for the remaining host cells, act as an anti-inflammatory treatment, and/ or stimulate the regeneration of the adult central nervous system (CNS), and offer an effective therapy and improve the quality of the patient’s life
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