Abstract
Shortly after Szemeredi's proof that a set of positive upper density contains arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions, Furstenberg gave a new proof of this theorem using ergodic theory. This gave rise to the field of ergodic Ramsey Theory, in which problems motivated by additive combinatorics are proven using ergodic theory. Ergodic Ramsey Theory has since produced combinatorial results, some of which have yet to be obtained by other means, and has also given a deeper understanding of the structure of measure preserving systems. We outline the ergodic theory background needed to understand these results, with an emphasis on recent developments in ergodic theory and the relation to recent developments in additive combinatorics. These notes are based on four lectures given during the School on Additive Combinatorics at the Centre de Recherches Mathematiques, Montreal in April, 2006. The talks were aimed at an audience without background in ergodic theory. No attempt is made to include complete proofs of all statements and often the reader is referred to the original sources. Many of the proofs included are classic, included as an indication of which ingredients play a role in the developments of the past ten years.
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