Equivalent circuit of transformers with control of voltage and phase angle

Abstract

This paper presents a methodology aimed at obtaining the equivalent circuit of regulating transformers. This aspect is insufficiently treated in most current textbooks in which the equivalent circuit of a tapped transformer is not well justified. The document shows how to obtain the equivalent circuit of a regulating transformer with control of voltage magnitude and phase angle, and how to apply it using either physical quantities or per unit (pu) quantities. The resulting equivalent circuit is adequate for steady-state calculations under balanced conditions and neglects transformer core parameters. The usage of per unit values can be made by selecting the base quantities in an arbitrary manner, which is an obvious advantage when the turns ratio must be estimated.