Equity and Inclusion in Indian Education: Constitutional Principles and NEP 2020 Approaches

Abstract

The education system in India is guided by a robust set of constitutional provisions that emphasize equitable and inclusive education. The Preamble of the Constitution highlights the importance of education without discrimination, while the Fundamental Rights ensure equal access and empowerment of marginalized communities. The Directive Principles of State Policy emphasize free and compulsory education, and specific provisions safeguard the interests of the country’s citizens, especially of weaker sections and minorities. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 builds upon this constitutional framework and aims to transform the education system, address disparities, and promote inclusivity. NEP 2020 focuses on equitable and inclusive education, strategies to bridge gaps and improve access for underrepresented groups, such as marginalized communities and children with disabilities. It also recognizes the significance of girls` education, alternative forms of schools, and promoting education for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. NEP 2020 aligns with the constitutional provisions and is complemented by the Right to Education Act (RTE) 2009. However, challenges in implementation, such as resource allocation and ensuring equitable distribution, need to be addressed. The constitutional framework and NEP 2020 provide a solid foundation for promoting equitable and inclusive education in India, reflecting the nation`s commitment to social development and inclusive growth. This review-based paper follows the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method to highlight the significant constitutional provisions with respect to education theories learned in this course on Contemporary Themes in Education Policy and to provide an analysis of the “National Education Policy 2020” text. This paper shows insight into the national educational policy by keeping articles of the Indian Constitution in mind. This will benefit the policymakers to look into the loopholes in the document and the areas to work on.