Abstract
Experience shows that for the irrigation of intensive gardens, various types of equipment and technologies are used, such as continuous irrigation (invasive), drip irrigation, subsurface irrigation and other methods. All irrigation options have some shortcomings, such as water evaporation, high water consumption, high consumption of mineral fertilizers and energy. (Research purpose) To develop an automated system for subsurface irrigation of intensive gardens with groundwater using electric pumps and solar panels, and to create a mathematical model of soil moisture distribution. (Materials and methods) Special devices shaped as pegs were designed to supply water with dissolved mineral fertilizers directly into the root system of intensive gardens. The authors investigated the pegs’ geometric parameters and the criteria for their placement in the soil, taking into account the consumption of water and nutrients. The authors examined soil mechanical composition and salinity as well as its physical and mechanical, technological properties. (Results and discussion) It was found out that the installation of the peg facilitates soil moisturizing through the central pipeline within the radius of 1.55-1.75 meters at the depth of 0.7-0.9 meters. Three-four pegs, being equidistant from each other and inclined in relation to the vertical axis by 20-30 degrees, were placed around a tree. Water consumption was determined for various irrigation methods: for furrow irrigation (control) – 1125.7 cubic meters per hectare, for continuous irrigation (invasive) – 1812.3 cubic meters per hectare, for drip irrigation – 618.6 and subsurface irrigation – 506.4 cubic meters per hectare. (Conclusions) Based on the results of the experimental study carried out in farms with intensive gardens using various irrigation methods, continuous irrigation (invasive), drip irrigation and subsurface irrigation were compared in terms of water consumption. The results show that drip irrigation and subsurface irrigation ensure less water consumption than flood irrigation, by 46 per cent and 57 per cent respectively. It was found out that subsurface irrigation ensures 57 per cent water and 25-35 per cent mineral fertilizer economy, in comparison with the other methods of providing trees with water and nutrients.
Highlights
Фазлиддин Уринович Жураев, Бухарский филиал Ташкентского института инженеров ирригации и механизации сельского хозяйства, г
The overall structure of the subsurface irrigation system (a) and a scheme of the peg installation in the seedling root system (b): 1 – solar panel; 2 – controller; 3 – storage battery; 4 – inverter; 5 – borehole pump; 6 – suction pipe; 7 – transport pipeline; 8 – water tank; 9 – automatic control panel; – filters; – main irrigation pipes; – distribution pipes; – thin tube; – pegs; D is the diameter of the peg on the thin tube; H is the depth of soil moisture distribution from the peg; dT is the diameter of the distribution pipes; h is the distance between the holes in the peg; β – peg installation angle (60-70 degrees to the horizontal axis)
A pump, capable of pumping 0.5-0.7 m3 of water per hour from the ground, takes water from a single 10-15 m depth well at the flow rate of 84.6 m3/day and fills a 100-ton cistern, from where the water is sent through a transport pipeline
Summary
Фазлиддин Уринович Жураев, Бухарский филиал Ташкентского института инженеров ирригации и механизации сельского хозяйства, г. Что для обеспечения интенсивных садов водой применяют различные технологии: бороздковый полив, капельное или внутрипочвенное орошение. Отметили среди недостатков во всех вариантах большой расход воды, минеральных удобрений и энергии. (Результаты и обсуждение) Показали, что при установке разработанного колышка обеспечивается увлажнение почвы через центральный трубопровод в радиусе 1,55-1,75 метра на глубине 0,7-0,9 метра. Определили расход воды при различных способах орошения: при бороздковом поливе (контроль) – 1125,7 кубометра на гектар, при капельном орошении – 618,6 и внутрипочвенном – 506,4 кубометра на гектар. (Выводы) Определили, что внутрипочвенное орошение, по сравнению с другими способами обеспечения деревьев водой и питательными веществами, способствует экономии воды на 57 процентов, минеральных удобрений на 25-35 процентов. Оборудование и технология для внутрипочвенного орошения интенсивных садов в Бухарской области Республики Узбекистан // Сельскохозяйственные машины и технологии. It is important to minimize water consumption in agro-industrial production, including irrigation [1,2,3,4]
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