Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS). Prevalence, etiology, diagnostic

Abstract

The analysis of scientific literature and different studies of recent years concerning diseases of the stomach in horses has been conducted in the article. The analysis of literature data indicates that the Equine gastric ulcer syndrome is a common disease especially among racehorses. This term is a condition in horses, characterized by ulcers in the terminal esophagus; proximal (squamous) stomach; distal (glandular) stomach; and proximal duodenum. The anatomy and physiology of the stomach, with particular reference to secretion of acid and mucosal protective mechanisms, are reviewed as well as the differing theories relating to the aetiopathogenesis of gastric ulceration. The prevalence of the disease in racehorses has been reported from 60 to 90%. In general, horses that are in active training for racing tend to have a prevalence of around 90%, whereas horses for pleasure in full work have a reported prevalence of approximately 60%. The recent years data indicate the influence of microorganism Helicobacter genus on ulceration in equine stomach, a new specific species of H. Equorum was identified by the PCR assay in horse faeces, but the relationship between different species of Helicobacter and stomach ulcers remains controversial. Recently, nutritional and dietary management factors, the features of the anatomical structure of the stomach, dental problems, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs etc. have been identified to play an important role in gastric ulceration in horses. Clinical signs of EGUS are not always noticeable. Depending on the degree of damage, сlinical signs in horses with EGUS include: acute and recurrent colic, poor body condition, partial anorexia, poor appetite, poor performance and attitude changes, diarrhea,, the disease is accompanied by weight loss, loss of appetite and decreased ability to work. This disease affects the physical condition of horses, slows the growth and development of foals. The introduction of new diagnostic tests and methods in veterinary practice, including gastroscopy, allows to diagnose ulcers on early stages, investigate and explore the causes of EGUS. The diagnosis requires a thorough treatment history, physical examination, and a minimum database. Identifying risk factors and clinical signs are also helpful in making a diagnosis. However, gastroscopy is the only definitive diagnosis for gastric ulcers currently available. in more detail. The article presents a 0‒5 gastric ulcer scoring system to determine a lesion prevelence.