Abstract
Problem statement: Heavy metal accumulation in waste water could affect aquatic life, human health and overall ecosystem adversely. Therefore, in recent years much emphasis has been given for the use of industrial waste material as low cost adsorbents for removal of metallic contaminants from waste water. Approach: Present study deals with the adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of Cu (II) cation using sodium hydroxide activated Oil Palm Ash (OPA). Adsorption was investigated in a batch system with respect to various parameters such as initial metal ion concentration, contact time and pH of the solution. Surface characterization of the prepared adsorbent was done by using surface area analyzer, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Fluorescence and compared with natural oil palm ash. The adsorption equilibrium data were best represented by Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin model. Equilibrium kinetics studies were performed by Pseudo first order, Pseudo second order and Intra-particle diffusion. Results: Maximum monolayer adsorption capacity observed at 30°C was 18.86 mg g−1. Kinetic data correlated well with the pseudo second order model, suggesting that the adsorption process might be chemical sorption. The linear plots of intra particle diffusion revealed that the adsorption process was mainly governed by pore diffusion. Equilibrium uptake was increased with increase of initial concentration and contact time. Experimental data showed that about 96.03% of copper can be removed at pH 5.5. Conclusion: The research concluded that activation by alkali treatment of natural OPA would produce sufficient porosities and surface area and it has got good potential to remove Cu (II) from waste water.
Highlights
Aqueous effluents emanating from many industries contain heavy metals dissolved in it
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to study the changes in morphology of untreated Oil Palm Ash (OPA) and chemically treated sample of OPA which was shown by Fig. 1a and b
Due to this well developed porosities created by sodium hydroxide, activated oil palm ash had high surface area and adsorption capacity
Summary
Aqueous effluents emanating from many industries contain heavy metals dissolved in it. Applied Sci., 8 (3): 230-237, 2011 reported in the literature to remove copper along with an improved activation strategy for oil palm ash by other heavy metals from waste water. These methods using sodium hydroxide which can enhance its surface may be ineffective or extremely expensive especially area significantly and increase its when the waste stream contains relatively low adsorption capability. Malaysia has huge supply of agro-based waste biomassgenerated from oil palm industries which consists of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB), Palm Shell (PS) and adsorbent obtained was sieved through sieve no 200μm It was washed with deionized water for several times to remove foreign particles and oven dried at 110°C over night. The removal efficiency of the metal ion was calculated by using Eq 2: Fig. 1: (a) Natural oil palm ash (b) Activated oil palm ash
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