Equilibrium charge fractions of ions of Z = 4–92 emerging from a carbon foil

Abstract

Based on recent findings that the variation of charge fractions, mean charges, and charge distribution widths with ion energy E and projectile atomic number Z is strongly dependent on the shell structure of the ions, systematic reanalysis of the charge distributions of ions has been performed. Graphs are presented for equilibrium charge fractions thus obtained of ions emerging from a carbon foil as a function of exiting ion energy E ranging from 0.02 to 6 MeV/u. Each graph pertains to one ion species from Z = 4 to 83 and Z = 92. Tables of the mean charges and charge distribution widths are also given for each ion species in the same range of Z and E. Charge fractions of fully stripped ions, H-like ions, and He-like ions are also tabulated from Z = 4 to 20 for fast ions with E up to 40 MeV/u.