Epizootological monitoring of ASF in populations of domestic pigs and wild boars in Eastern Europe and Russian Federation

Abstract

The purpose of the review article is to analyze epizootological monitoring of ASF in populations of domestic pigs and wild boars in Eastern Europe and the Russian Federation, to assess the epizootic situation for 2007-2023. The materials of the review article are based on the results of numerous epizootological and diagnostic studies by scientists from Russia, Belarus, Georgia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Bosnia, Duchy, Romania, Serbia, Croatia. The main methods are structural and system analysis of WOAH/OIE, ADIS, EFSA, AHAW, GVI documents, official Rosselkhoznadzor websites. The data of the WHO are presented, which indicate that since the introduction of the ASF pathogen to Georgia (2007), outbreaks of infection in 2023 have been registered in 42 countries. The main and additional risk factors contributing to the spread of ASF in populations of domestic pigs and wild boars are considered. Examples of the introduction of the pathogen with the participation of repeated and imported cases of epizootic outbreaks, in particular in the Czech Republic, the Russian Federation, Estonia, Lithuania, Bosnia, Herzegovina in 2014-2023 are given. Despite the efforts of veterinary services to contain ASF on the territory of Eastern European states, the fight against this dangerous infection has not yet been crowned with success. The disease has evolved, reflecting the complex interaction between veterinary and sanitary, socio-economic, environmental factors in the region. Regardless of the ways of transmission of the ASF virus from wild boar to domestic pigs, the mechanism of which has not been fully deciphered, anthropogenic human activity contributes to the spread of the pathogen to safe and healthy territories. The dynamics of the epizootic process and the intensity of the epizootic situation for ASF during 2007-2023 confirm that none of the regions of Eastern Europe and Russia is immune from the introduction of the pathogen into its territory.