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Abstract
This chapter focuses on epithelial purinergic receptors and the concept of signaling in health and disease. Purinergic signaling is implicated in the regulation of many epithelial cell functions. In addition to triggering cell signaling, mainly through cytosolic calcium and phospholipase-coupled signal transduction and possibly through other cellular mechanisms, extracellular nucleotide signaling also modulates the potency of other autacoids and hormones that regulate epithelial cell function. Extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides also regulate transepithelial ion transport. The extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides, through P2Y, P2X, and P1 receptors, stimulate secretory Cl – and H 2 O transport, activate K + channels, inhibit absorptive Na + transport, modulate acid–base transport, and potentiate regulatory volume decrease, following hypotonic cell swelling. Purinergic receptor-driven functions include the triggering of calcium sparks and waves, potentiating ciliary beat frequency, and promoting mucus, glandular, and acinar secretion. Constitutive adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release and signaling are implicated in the maintenance of cell signaling “setpoints” for cytosolic calcium, phosphoinositide turnover, and arachidonic acid metabolism. Purinergic signaling may even modulate gene expression in epithelial cells through specific transcription factors.
Published Version
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