Abstract
• Hexagonal GdFeO 3 films were prepared using pulsed laser deposition. • The films were obtained on indium tin oxide (ITO(111)) layer. • The hexagonal GdFeO 3 film showed weak ferromagnetism. Hexagonal rare-earth iron oxides, h - R FeO 3 , are promising multiferroic materials. The ferroic properties of h - R FeO 3 can be controlled by varying R . However, h - R FeO 3 exists in a metastable phase, resulting in a limit of available range of R . In this study, we fabricated h -GdFeO 3 phase via epitaxial stabilization. The h -GdFeO 3 epitaxial film with c -axis orientation was deposited on an indium tin oxide (ITO(111)) layer as the bottom electrode via pulsed laser deposition. The metastable hexagonal phase was obtained in a narrow range of deposition parameters. High-crystalline h -GdFeO 3 film was obtained at substrate temperature of 780 °C and oxygen pressure of 13 Pa. The a -axis of the h -GdFeO 3 phase is parallel to the [11–2] directions of ITO(111) layer. The h -GdFeO 3 film exhibited weak ferromagnetism with a Néel temperature of 43 K, which was lower than that of the previously reported h - R FeO 3 films ( R = Dy–Lu, Y and Sc) owing to the longer a -axis.
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