Abstract
Abstract The paper is conceived as an introductory part of a larger unit. An ontology is proposed, based on three fundamental concepts: epistemic perspective, act, and paradigm (in T. Kuhn's sense of this term). Therefore, the point of departure is Kuhn's philosophy of science and some kind of ontology involved. The common denominator of considerations presented in this paper may be called a systems approach or systems spirit. In the author's view, the “doctrinal choice,” which appears in general systems theory, arguing either that general systems, as they are, really exist (Bertalanffy, Boulding, Rapoport, Mesarovic), or that only isomorphic systemic objects exist really (Laszlo, Bunge, Sadovsky), may be avoided. This doctrinal choice is a counterpart of the ancient problem of universals in philosophy (i.e. nominalism vs. essentialism). The problem of existence, one of the fundamental questions in philosophy, was reduced (or rather replaced) by the problem of point of view (epistemic perspective), or—str...
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