Epigenetic regulation and memories

Abstract

This article summarizes the current understanding of epigenetic regulation in grapevines, emphasising their significance in a clonally propagated plant with limited genetic diversity. Key epigenetic processes, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, shape chromatin structure, influencing gene expression. The grapevine leaf methylome reveals similarities with other clonally propagated plants, emphasizing low methylation levels in specific contexts. Epigenetic regulation contributes to grapevine phenotypic plasticity, clonal diversity, and an intriguing dialogue between grafted partners. These mechanisms form a vital part of plant memory, especially in the face of climate change. Despite the potential resetting during plant regeneration, recent evidence suggests the persistence of parental epigenetic imprints in progeny. Understanding how environmental conditions affect epigenetic imprints in grapevine clones is crucial. In Uruguay, where the wine industry faces climate challenges, Tannat stands as an emblematic variety adapted for our environmental production systems. However, climate change predictions in the region include rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and increased extreme events, which could impact some aspects of its adaptation (yields, berry quality and typicity, among others). Vineyard management strategies, along with plant breeding, are essential for adaptation. Adding epigenetic diversity for breeding strategies enhances adaptability, contributing to sustainable viticulture in the face of climate change. The article calls for urgently developing innovative strategies utilizing heritable epigenetic variations, presenting a faster and more efficient approach to grapevine breeding for stress tolerance in the era of climate change.