Epidural vs patient-controlled analgesia for postoperative pain after pectus excavatum repair: a prospective, randomized trial

Abstract

Purpose Management of postoperative pain is a challenge after the minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum. Pain is usually managed by either a thoracic epidural or patient-controlled analgesia with intravenous narcotics. We conducted a prospective, randomized trial to evaluate the relative merits of these 2 pain management strategies. Methods After obtaining permission/assent (Institutional Review Board no. 06 08 128), patients were randomized to either epidural or patient-controlled analgesia with fixed protocols for each arm. The primary outcome variable was length of stay with a power of .8 and α of .05. Results One hundred ten patients were enrolled. There was no difference in length of stay between the 2 arms. A longer operative time, more calls to anesthesia, and greater hospital charges were found in the epidural group. Pain scores favored epidural for the few days and favored patient-controlled analgesia thereafter. The epidural catheter could not be placed or was removed within 24 hours in 12 patients (22%). Conclusions There is longer operating room time, increase in calls to anesthesia, and greater hospital charges with epidural analgesia after repair of pectus excavatum. Pain scores favor the epidural approach early in the postoperative course and patient-controlled analgesia later.