Abstract
Epidural localization of myeloid leukaemia is rarely reported. Spinal cord compression as an initial presentation of acute myeloid leukaemia is extremely rare. This is a report of a 17-year-old black boy who presented to emergency department with neurological symptoms of spinal cord compression. Imaging modalities showed multiple soft tissue masses in the epidural space. After surgical treatment, histopathological examination of the epidural mass showed myeloid leukaemia cells infiltration. Literature review on Medline and “scholar Google” database was done. The characteristics and management of extra-medullary leukaemia are discussed. Granulocytic sarcoma, myeloid sarcoma or chloroma with acute myeloid leukaemia should be considered as part of epidural spinal cord compression. Therefore surgery is indicated on an emergent basis.
Highlights
Acute myeloid leukaemia corresponds to malignant monoclonal proliferation of medullary blastic myeloid cells with an interrupted differentiation [1]
Acute myeloid leukaemia will result in adenopathy and hepatosplenic syndrome associated with bone marrow failure syndrome
Myeloid sarcoma may occur in all tissues but they are frequently localized on the skin, bone, soft tissues of the head and neck and adenopathies [18]
Summary
Acute myeloid leukaemia corresponds to malignant monoclonal proliferation of medullary blastic myeloid cells with an interrupted differentiation [1]. Extra nodal involvement is rare and mostly made of frequently observed forms of lymphoblastic leukemia in children These attacks represent 2 to 8 % of acute myeloid leukaemia. Spinal cord compression as an initial presentation of acute myeloid leukaemia is extremely rare. We did not consider Spinal cord compression as the initial presentation of acute biphenotypic leukaemia [2]. The authors reported a case of acute myeloid leukaemia revealed by thoracic spinal cord compression. N’Dri Oka et al Chinese Neurosurgical Journal (2016): Fig. 1 Spine MRI showing spinal cord compression at T4-T9 level by posterior epidural mass. Histopathological examination of the tumour mass was favourable to leukemic blast cells Characterization of acute myeloid leukemia associated to spinal cord compression N b: Number myeloid leukaemia was indicated. The patient died a week after the diagnosis of spinal cord compression because of sepsis
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