Epidemiology of sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis infections.

Abstract

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature on the epidemiology of sexually transmitted chlamydial infections. Its major sections focus on the following substantive areas: microbiology, serologic classification, infections of men (urethritis, epididymitis, prostatitis), infections of women (endocervicitis, urethritis, salpingitis, endometritis, infertility, ectopic pregnancy), effect of genital chlamydial infections on pregnancy, other diseases (Reiter's syndrome, cervical atypia, gastrointestinal infection, lymphogranuloma venereum), and prevention and control programs. It is conceded that wide gaps remain in our understanding of the epidemiology of these organisms. If the estimate that 20% of salpingitis cases are due to C trachomatis is accepted, then at least 20,000 women/year in the US may be infertile because of chlamydial infection. At present, there is a need to define the prevalence and incidence of chlamydial infection in different populations so that high risk groups can be identified and targeted for prevention programs. Studies must also continue to test the link between maternal chlamydial infection and abortion, prematurity, perinatal mortality, and puerperal maternal infections. Ultimately, the most efficient approach to managing chlamydial infection may be provided by a vaccine.