Epidemiology of Pathogenic Fungi from Private Hospital of Jabalpur, India

Abstract

Fungi are ubiquitous in our environment, only a few people realize how intimately our lives are related to these fungi. Mycotic diseases of men are an emerging public health problem which receives growing alternate from the health authorities. The inter-human, mananimal and manenvironment relationship constitute the prime factors that explain the presence or absence of the infection. Special human activities and changes in human behavior are responsible for different susceptibilities in individual populations. Noscomial infections are transmitted in hospital through three main environmental routes-air, surface contact and water. This study reports the result of environmental surveillance of fungi in specific areas of Private Hospital of Jabalpur (M.P.). The air samples in the hospital yielded Aspergillus, Alternaria, Candida, Fusarium, Rhizopus, Penicillium, Tricophyton, and Microsporum. The dust samples were positive for Aspergillus, Alternaria and Fusarium. The sample of drinking water of the hospital no fungi was isolated. Key-wordsUbiquitous, Susceptibilities, Nosocomial infection, Surveillance -------------------------------------------------IJLSSR----------------------------------------------INTRODUCTION Pathogenic fungi are fungi that cause disease in human or other organism. Fungi are ubiquitous in our environment. Fungal infections of hospital origin are gaining importance in recent years due to their progressive increase into the high rates of mortality and morbility with which they are associated [1-2]. Hospital–acquired infection or nosocomial infections are one of leading cause of death in the world and typically affect patients whose immune systems are compromised. This paper reports the result of environmental surveillance of fungi in specific areas of Private hospital of Jabalpur (M.P.) Air, dust and drinking water samples were collected from hospital. Many of these infections are endogenous in nature, but others can be acquired by exogenous roots, through the hands of healthcare workers,contaminated infusion products and bioAccess this article online Quick Response Code: Website: www.ijlssr.com DOI: 10.21276/ijlssr.2016.2.6.12 materials and abiotic environmental sources [3]. Candida species remain a major cause of nosocomial infection. Candida albicans was the main agent for causing Fungemia and Funguria [4]. [1] Reported that many of fungal infections arise from an endogenous source. Outdoor air markedly influences the prevalence of fungal spore levels in indoor air and thus, is the major source of fungal infections in indoor environments especially in hospitalized individuals [5]. Mycotic diseases of man are an emerging public health problem which receives growing alternation from the health authorities. Aspergillus species are the common cause of hospital acquired fungal infection. Airborne spores probably also infect tissues exposed during surgery. Conidia of Aspergillus may gain entry, susceptible patient by contaminated hospital supplies [6-7]. [8] Isolated Aspergillus fumigates and A. Niger from the soil of various potted indoor plant kept in the room at the patient suffering from Aspergillosis. Aspergillums species were isolated in a multi centre hospital study from water mycoflora from the hospital environment [9]. In the hospital environment, the airborne micro biota is formed mainly by filamentous fungi, especially those belonging to the genera, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Paecilomyces, Scopu Cariopsis [10]. Yeast has been found at the genera Candida, Rhodofforula, Uraptococeus and Trichosporon [11-13]. To identify the Research Article (Open access) Int. J. Life. Sci. Scienti. Res., VOL 2, ISSUE 6 http://ijlssr.com Copyright © 2015-2016 International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research Page 730 source of fungal infection the environment of the patient, viz. air, water and dust of the hospitalized room were investigated for the presence of pathogen. The pathogen were isolated in culture and identified on the basis of culture, micro and macro morphology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sampling Site: To explain the possible source of infection of deep mycoses, air, dust and water sample were screened from the environment of hospitalized patient were investigated. The air samples were collected from the General ward(G.W.), Private wards(P.W.), Deluxe room, Minor operation theater (MOT), Operation theater (OT), Intensive care unit (ICU). Dust sample were collected from the floor of passage of hospital and water sample was collected from the drinking water source of the hospital. At each location samples were taken at the time periods between 12:00 pm to 1:00pm which are visiting hours of the hospital. All the samples were taken during year 2015.