Epidemiology of Mortality Due to Prostate Cancer in Poland, 2000–2015

Małgorzata Pikala,Monika Burzyńska,Irena Maniecka-Bryła

doi:10.3390/ijerph16162881

Abstract

The aim of the study was to assess trends in mortality and years of life lost due to prostate cancer (PCa) in Poland in 2000–2015. The crude death rates (CDR), standardised death rates (SDR), standard expected years of life lost per living person (SEYLLp) and per death (SEYLLd) values were calculated. Joinpoint models were used to analyse time trends. In the study period, 61,928 men died of PCa. The values of mortality rates in 2000 (per 100,000) were: CDR = 16.97, SDR = 16.17, SEYLLp = 332.1. In 2015, the values of all rates increased: CDR = 26.22, SDR = 16.69, SEYLLp = 429.5. However, the SEYLLd value decreased from 15.62 to one man who died due to PCa in 2000 to 13.78 in 2015. The highest SEYLLp values occurred in the group of men with primary education (619.5 in 2000 and 700.7 in 2015). They were respectively 2.24 and 2.96 times higher than in men with higher education (275.7 and 237.1). SEYLLp values increased in urban areas (from 295.7 to 449.4), slightly changed in the rural areas (from 391.5 to 400.2). Unfavorable trends in mortality due to PCa in Poland require explanation of the causes and implementation of appropriate actions aimed at mortality reducing.

Highlights

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer and the fifth most common cause of death due to cancer in men worldwide
crude death rates (CDR)—crude deaths rates; SDR—standardised death rates; SEYLL—standard expected years of life lost; SEYLLp—standard expected years of life lost per living person; SEYLL per death (SEYLLd)—standard expected years of life lost per death
CDR—crude deaths rates; SDR—standardised death rates; SEYLL—standard expected years of life lost; SEYLLp —standard expected years of life lost per living person; SEYLLd —standard expected years of life lost per death; APC—annual percentage change; AAPC—average annual percentage change; confidence intervals (CI)—confidence interval

Summary

Introduction

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer and the fifth most common cause of death due to cancer in men worldwide. In 2018, approximately 1.3 million new cases of prostate cancer were detected and they contributed to 359,000 deaths [1]. It was observed that the incidence of PCa is highly diversified in terms of geographical regions but PCa-related mortality appears to be less diversified. PCa incidence rates varied more than 25-fold worldwide in 2012. The highest rates were observed in Australia/New Zealand 111.6 per 100 000), and the lowest in South-Central Asia (4.5). According to the most recent 10-year temporal data, most countries observed increased incidence of PCa. Asian, Northern and Western

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