Abstract
Viral hepatitis, especially those with parenteral and sexual transmission, still remain a major problem of public health, both globally and for the Republic of Moldova, due to wide spreading, endemicity, increased morbidity and mortality and high rate of invalidity following the chronization of infection, but usually neglected by population and public health authorities. This paper describes the epidemiology and preventive and control measures of hepatitis C in Moldova. Epidemiological analysis of the surveillance data on hepatitis C incidence in the Republic of Moldova was conducted. The data were obtained from the national reporting system of infectious diseases and serosurvey studies. Epidemiological particularities of acute and chronic hepatitis C in general Moldovan population and specific risk groups were evaluated. National hepatitis policies for prevention and control were analyzed. Only consolidation of all the actions stipulated in the national and international normative documents on the prevention and control of hepatitis, will help to reduce the morbidity of viral hepatitis C and probably to eliminate the new cases of disease in some regions.
Highlights
Viral hepatitis, especially those with parenteral and sexual transmission, still remain a major problem of public health, both globally and for the Republic of Moldova, due to wide spreading, endemicity, increased morbidity and mortality and high rate of invalidity following the chronization of infection, but usually neglected by population and public health authorities.Globally two billion people have been exposed to hepatitis B virus, of which 240 million have become chronic carriers and, potentially, have a high risk of infection with hepatitis D virus, about 170 million are infected with hepatitis C virus, and more than 10 million - hepatitis D virus
Viral hepatitis C (VHC) epidemiological data for the general population in the Republic of Moldova are available from routine epidemiological surveillance system which includes registration of all acute and chronic infections
In most of the developed and developing countries control and response measures to the spread of infectious disease are stipulated in policy documents that are approved at different levels, for example: strategy plans, framework and national or special programmes
Summary
Especially those with parenteral and sexual transmission, still remain a major problem of public health, both globally and for the Republic of Moldova, due to wide spreading, endemicity, increased morbidity and mortality and high rate of invalidity following the chronization of infection, but usually neglected by population and public health authorities.Globally two billion people have been exposed to hepatitis B virus, of which 240 million have become chronic carriers and, potentially, have a high risk of infection with hepatitis D virus, about 170 million are infected with hepatitis C virus, and more than 10 million - hepatitis D virus. Especially those with parenteral and sexual transmission, still remain a major problem of public health, both globally and for the Republic of Moldova, due to wide spreading, endemicity, increased morbidity and mortality and high rate of invalidity following the chronization of infection, but usually neglected by population and public health authorities. In comparison with other public health problems (HIV, TB, STIs, malaria) viral hepatitis is usually neglected by population and authorities. In high endemic countries for hepatitis like Republic of Moldova, where about 9,000 people live with HIV and about 40,000 are infected with viral hepatitis this problem becomes the most important. At the same time high co-infection rates of HIV/ hepatitis C and HIV/hepatitis B in viral hepatitis endemic countries (in the Republic of Moldova 10% of HIV infected people have hepatitis B and 37% - hepatitis C) can present an important reason of deaths among HIV infected people [1,3]
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