Abstract
Simple SummaryDog bites are a major public health problem throughout the world. The main consequences for human health include physical and psychological injuries of varying proportions, secondary infections, sequelae, risk of transmission of zoonoses and surgery, among others, which entail costs for the health system and those affected. The objective of this study was to characterize epidemiologically the incidents of bites in Chile and the patterns of human-dog relationship involved. The results showed that the main victims were adults, men. The dogs most involved in these incidents were medium-sized, mixed-breed, and most of these were known to the victim. The greatest frequency of such episodes occurred inside the home. This characterization of the problem is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the topic to develop successful dog bite prevention and management programs.Dog bites are one of the main public health problems. They produce important consequences for those who suffer them (physical and psychological injuries, secondary infections, sequelae, risk of transmission of zoonoses and surgeries, among others). The objective of this study was to characterize epidemiologically the incidents of bites in Chile and the patterns of human-dog relationship involved. The records analyzed in this article were obtained from bitten patients who attended the main public health facilities in Chile during the period 17 September 2017 and 17 September 2018: In the period studied, 17,299 animal bites were recorded; however, only 7220 (41.74%) cases were analyzed in which the offending species could be identified. Of the bites analyzed, 6533 were caused by dogs (90.48%). Of these, 41.05% were caused by medium-sized dogs. Most bites were caused by dogs of mixed breeds (55.99%), followed by dogs of the German Shepherd breed (8.50%). Most of the dogs that bit were known to the victim (99.95%) and most of the attacks occurred indoors (57.48%). Although dog bite records have improved in Chile, it would be useful to also include background information on the context in which the incident occurred, which would be very useful for developing effective bite prevention programs.
Highlights
Dog bites are a major public health problem worldwide [1,2,3]
In underdeveloped and developing countries, highly lethal zoonotic diseases such as rabies occur, which is mainly transmitted by free-roaming dog bites [9], estimating that 99% of infections are produced by this type of incident [11]
The objective of this study is to describe the epidemiological reality of canine bites in Chile, as well as to analyze the factors related to the patterns of human-dog coexistence that can influence the occurrence of these incidents
Summary
Dog bites are a major public health problem worldwide [1,2,3]. As a result of these incidents, important consequences emerge, among which are physical injuries, psychological trauma, zoonotic disease transmission [4,5,6], infections [7,8,9], dysfunction of injured body parts and economic costs [10], both for the state of the country in question, as well as for the victims of these episodes. In underdeveloped and developing countries, highly lethal zoonotic diseases such as rabies occur, which is mainly transmitted by free-roaming dog bites [9], estimating that 99% of infections are produced by this type of incident [11]. It should be noted that Chile has been declared free of canine rabies virus variants since 2010 [13,14]. To maintain this status, notification is mandatory in humans and animals, surveillance is maintained, and viral variant identification is made in 100% of cases identified by the national rabies control program [15]. The same situation is observed in other countries, for example, in Iran [36,45,46] and Korea [37]
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