Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Coccidiosis in Broilers: Investigating the Prevalence, Distribution, and Risk Factors Associated with Coccidiosis Outbreaks in Broiler Production

Abstract

Background: Coccidiosis is highly prevalent parasitic disease posing significant challenges to broiler production worldwide.
 Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, distribution, and risk factors associated with coccidiosis outbreaks in broiler production systems.
 Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed, and a total of 15 flocks, comprising 16,300 birds, were examined.
 Results: The overall prevalence rate of coccidiosis was found to be 66.7%. Among individual farms, Farm 1 reported a prevalence rate of 60.0%, Farm 2 had a rate of 50.0%, and Farm 3 exhibited the highest incidence at 83.3%. The specific species distribution within the positive flocks varied across farms. Farm 1 showed a mixed infection involving Eimeria tenella and Eimeria maxima, while Eimeria necatrix and Eimeria acervulina were found in Farm 2. Farm 3 exhibited a more diverse species distribution, including Eimeria necatrix, Eimeria tenella, Eimeria acervulina, and Eimeria maxima. Furthermore, this study identified several risk factors associated with coccidiosis outbreaks in broiler production. The analysis revealed that larger farm size, inadequate biosecurity measures, and poor feed quality were significantly associated with an increased risk of coccidiosis outbreaks.
 Conclusion: These findings provide valuable insights into the epidemiology of coccidiosis in broiler production and the factors influencing its occurrence. By targeting the prevalent Eimeria species and addressing the identified risk factors, poultry producers can minimize the impact of coccidiosis on broiler health, welfare, and economic performance.