Epidemiological Survey of Central Nervous System Tumors Admitted in a Reference Hospital in the North Fluminense Region in Brazil

Danielli Aparecida De Souza Silva,Luisa Aguirre Buexm,Frederico Paes Barbosa,Alessandra Oliveira Ferrari Gomes,Bruna Areas Ribeiro,Rayane Figueiredo Silva Moreira Carvalho,Julia Moraes Ferreira,Marina Siqueira Teixeira

doi:10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.02.03

Danielli Aparecida De Souza Silva, Luisa Aguirre Buexm + Show 6 more

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https://doi.org/10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.02.03

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Abstract

Cancer is a major worldwide health problem, being an important cause of morbidity and mortality to population. In global scale, nervous system cancers represent around 1.8% of all malignant tumors in the planet. From 2020 to 2022, it’s estimated around 11.090 new cases of this type of cancer in Brazil. This study aims to raise epidemiological data on central nervous system tumors admitted to the oncology department of a reference hospital in the North Fluminense region in Brazil. Forty-four patients were included in this study, who were predominant males (56.8%), aged between 41 to 60 years old (47.7%), with tumors located primarily in the brain (65.9%) and histopathologically classified as glioblastomas (38.6%). Patients had no family history of cancer (64.3%), were non-smokers (68.2%), non-alcoholics (70%), undergoing primary surgical treatment (34.1%), who did not undergo adjuvant treatment (84.1%) and who died from the disease (66.7%). Glioblastoma was the most incident malignant neoplasm, followed by astrocytoma for both sexes, corroborating with literature data. In summary, this work contributes to a better understanding of these tumors, focusing on their prevention, early diagnosis and treatment.

Highlights

Cancer is a major worldwide health problem, being a relevant cause of morbidity and mortality in human population
This study aims to raise epidemiological data on central nervous system tumors admitted to the oncology department of a reference hospital in the North Fluminense region in Brazil
The percentage of patients who presented unspecified malignant neoplasms in the brain was 63.63%, 11.36% of the neoplasms were in the meninges, 4.54% in the cerebellum, 4.54% in the brainstem, except lobes and ventricles, 4.54% in the spinal cord, 2.27% in the pituitary gland, 2.27% were unspecified central nervous system (CNS), 2.27% in the frontal lobe, and 2.27% in the cerebral ventricle (Figure 1)

Summary

Introduction

Cancer is a major worldwide health problem, being a relevant cause of morbidity and mortality in human population. In 2020, the International Agency for Research in Cancer (IARC) registered 19,292,789 new cases of cancer in the world, being brain and central nervous system tumors the nineteenth most incident (excepting non-melanoma skin neoplasms), with 308,102 new cases [1]. In Brazil, the National Cancer Institute (INCA) registered 626,030 new cases of cancer in 2020. Central nervous system tumors occupied the tenth position among the most incident neoplasms (excepting non-melanoma skin neoplasms) in both sexes, with 11,100 new cases. In 2019, this kind of tumor corresponded 4,1% and 4,2% of the deaths by cancer in men and women, respectively [2]. Among central nervous system (CNS) tumors, primary ones are more common than metastases, corresponding to 50% to 75% of the total [3]

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