Epidemiological Study of Viral Diarrhea in Gwangju Area During 2000~2002

Abstract

There are well known infectious diarrheal disease including viral disease such as HuCVs (Human caliciviruses), rotaviruses, enteric adenoviruses and astroviruses. We performed surveillance of infectious diarrheal disease in this study for providing the information for regional prevalence of infectious diarrheal disease and establish basement of diagnostic scheme for these infectious diarrheal disease. For the study, 3,400 stool specimens collected from 10 hospitals in Gwangju from April 2000 to March 2002 were used in investigation for the detection of infectious diarrheal disease. For group A rotaviruses, enteric adenoviruses and astrovirus, we carried out antigen capturing ELISA and RT-PCR with specific primers reacting RNA dependent RNA polymerase gene of HuCVs is used for the detection of RNA of HuCVs. As a results, we detected viral antigen or genome from 537 out of 3,400 specimens (15.8%). 443 out of 537 (82.5%) were confirmed as rotaviruses antigen positively, and 14 (2.6%) and 3 (0.8%) samples were antigen positive to enteric adenoviruses and astroviruses, respectively. We detected HuCV genome from 73 (13.6%) samples by specific amplification. We found that predominantly causative virus is rotavirus in Gwangju but HuCVs take major portion of viral agents causing diarrhea considering the age and seasonal distribution of specimens. Prevalence of adenoviruses and astroviruses are very low compared with worldwide situation. While the infection of rotavirus is limited to young infant under 2 years old, infection of HuCV has wide age distribution. These results suggest that existence of various strains of HuCVs and low rate of cross-protection among distinct antigenic group make it difficult to form immunity in older age. This epidemiological information relating to various diarrheic viruses is first reported in Gwangju, therefore it could provide present prevalence of viral agents causing gastroenteritis and backgrounds to establishment of protection viral diarrhea and development.