Epidemiological profile of tumor dermatoses in the hospital setting in Cotonou (Benin) from 2009 to 2018

Abstract

Introduction Tumoral dermatoses are tissue neoformations due to an excessive, abnormal, anarchic and more or less autonomous cellular proliferation at the expense of the skin and its appendages. These tumoral dermatoses can be benign or malignant. They are responsible for a high morbi-mortality. Patients and methods Retrospective and descriptive cross-sectional study of the records of patients seen for mucocutaneous tumors, in the Dermatology-Venereology Department of the National Hospital and University Center Hubert Koutoukou Maga (NHUC-HKM) of Cotonou, from 2009 to 2018. Epidemiological data were collected from consultation registers and then entered and analyzed with Excel, EPI-DATA and SPSS software. Results A total of 10,627 new patients were registered, of which 885 cases of tumor dermatoses (8.32%). Thirty-five types of tumor dermatoses were collected. The average age was 31 years; the most represented age group was 20-39 years (46.30%). The sex ratio was 1.02. Lesions were acquired in 93.30% of patients. Benign tumors represented 94.80% of the patients. They were dominated by keloids (24.60%) followed by condylomas (16.20%), warts (10.40%), molluscum contagiosum (7.60%), cysts (6.50%) and the group formed by nevi and hamartomas (6.20%). Malignant tumors were rare and represented by carcinomas (basal and squamous cell) with 1.7% and melanoma (0.50%). Kaposi's disease was observed in 2.50%. Conclusion This study allowed us to know the frequency and the different types of tumoral dermatoses observed in the patients followed in the dermatology-venereology department of the NHUC-HKM of Cotonou during the last ten years.