Epidemiological Patterns, Risk Factors, and Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients from the Al-Hassa City of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Abstract Background: In the face of the ongoing global health crisis posed by COVID-19, it becomes imperative to understand the disease’s dynamics, particularly in specific regions. This study provides a detailed examination of the factors influencing mechanical ventilation (MV) duration among COVID-19 patients in an intensive care setting, focusing on a diverse patient cohort from the Al Hassa region of Saudi Arabia. Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to identify key demographic factors, clinical outcomes, and comorbidities that affect the duration of MV among intensive care unit (ICU) patients with COVID-19. This understanding is crucial for enhancing patient care and informing health-care strategies in the context of the pandemic. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and admitted to the ICU in the Al Hassa region. Data encompassed patient demographics, comorbidities, clinical outcomes, and MV duration. Statistical analyses were employed to explore the associations between these variables. Results: Our findings reveal significant associations between MV duration and various factors, including nationality, legal status, travel history, and comorbidities such as heart failure and immunocompromised status. These insights are instrumental in understanding the nuances of COVID-19 management in critical care. Conclusion: The study provides valuable insights into the determinants of MV duration in severe COVID-19 cases, emphasizing the need for individualized patient care approaches. It highlights the complexity of managing COVID-19 in ICU settings and underscores the importance of tailored health-care responses to this global health challenge, particularly in the Al Hassa region.