Epidemiological comparison of adults with TBI before and after the mandatory use of frontal airbags in Salvador

Victor De Araújo Coelho,Vicente José Araújo Neto,Rodrigo Costa Micheli Xavier,Gabriela Malaquias Barreto Gomes

doi:10.5327/1516-3180.218

Abstract

Introduction: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is an external trauma, which results in brain alterations. Law 11.910, which requires the presence of frontal Airbags, was developed as a mechanism to minimize the consequences of automobile accidents, like TBI. Objectives: To epidemiologically compare adults with TBI before and after the mandatory use of Airbags in Salvador. Design and settings: An ecological study in Brazil. Methods: Data was published by the Ministry of Health through DATASUS. The selected timeframe was five years before and after the mandatory use of frontal Airbags (2014). The data collected were hospitalizations, deaths, mortality rate, age, and total value. Results: The average mortality rate due to TBI (2009-2013) was 11.6, while decreasing from 2014- 2018 to 8.9 (reduction of 23,3%). The average amount spent in the period preceding the law was 1.250.675 reais, while afterwards it was 1.535.268 (increase of 22,76%). The age group with the most hospitalizations before the law was 20-29 years old, while after it was 30-39. Conclusions: There was a reduction in the mortality rate after 2014, which may be associated with the mandatory use of Airbags. Prior to the law, the total amount spent was lower, possibly associated with a greater severity of injuries and, consequently, a higher number of deaths.

Highlights

Capsaicin is able to induce mast cell degranulation, an event probably related to the pathophysiology of a migraine attack
The present review study aimed to address the mechanisms of action of capsaicin and other chemical inducers in mast cell degranulation and an interaction of nerves and events that happen in the dura mater with the activation of mast cells
Conclusion: the analyzed data indicate that the polymorphisms contributed to the susceptibility to Parkinson’s disease (PD), further studies related to the polymorphisms and their relationship to PD are still needed for more ethnic groups, and early diagnosis is possible

Summary

Introduction

Capsaicin is able to induce mast cell degranulation, an event probably related to the pathophysiology of a migraine attack. Methods: A literature review and an observational, descriptive and transversal data collect on treatment for acute demyelinating polyradiculoneuritis, available at DATASUS from January 2008 to December 2020, and articles available at Scielo and PubMed. Results: There were 7,917 hospitalizations, representing a total expenditure of R$ 9,392,552.04, 2009 being the year with the highest number of hospitalizations (809) and 2017 with the highest amount spent during the period (R$ 967,284.65). Methods: A literature review and an observational, descriptive and transversal data collect on surgical treatment was carried out, available from January 2008 to December 2020 and articles available in Scielo, Lilacs and PubMed. Results: There were 15,148 hospitalizations for surgical procedures for the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma, representing a total expenditure of R$ 45,365,258.21, with 2018 being the year with the highest number of hospitalizations (1,418) and with the highest amount spent during the period (R$ 4,570,334.28). Conclusions: The “Coca-Cola Bottle sign” is a classic sign of Graves’ disease, some signs, such as, unilateral and single orbital musculature involvement, may be suggestive of involvement by other etiologies, suggesting the benefit of an early expanded investigation

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