Epidemiological characteristics of the severe cases of hand, foot and mouth disease in Danzhou from year 2010 to 2014

Abstract

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the severe cases of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Danzhou and to provide a scientific evidence for the prevention of severe HFMD. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the characteristics of severe cases of HFMD occurred from 2010 to 2014. Results A total of 18 960 cases of HFMD were reported in Danzhou City from 2010 to 2014. The death rate (annual deaths/1000 persons) was 0.13%. One hundred and eighty-eight cases (0.99%) were diagnosed as severe HFMD with a male to female ratio of 2.4∶1 and 96.28% of them were scattered inhabiting children. Six cases were died from severe HFMD and all of them were under 2 years of age. In total 87.77% of the severe cases were occurred in children under 2 years of age. The severe cases were mainly occurred in June and July. Children form the countryside showed higher rates of severe HFMD than those from cities and towns. No significant differences in the time between the initial diagnosis and treatment for children with HFMD in countryside and urban areas were found. However, the differences in the duration from initial diagnosis to severe HFMD between children in countryside and urban areas were statistically significant (M-W test, P<0.05). Among the 188 severe cases, 82.44% were initially diagnosed as common HFMD cases by the county-level medical institutions and 90.96% were diagnosed as severe cases by the municipal and above medical institutions. The cases positive for EV71 strains accounted for 44.15%. Conclusion Most of the severe HFMD were developed in scattered inhabiting children under 2 years of age in the countryside of Danzhou during 2010 to 2014. In order to decrease the morbidity and mortality of severe HFMD in children, it is necessary to implement health education for residents, to improve the professional skills of medical staffs in the early diagnosis of HFMD, and to strengthen etiological surveillances and warning system for HFMD. Key words: Hand, foot and mouth disease; Severe case; Epidemiology