Epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria cases in Huai’an, Jiangsu, 2012-2019

Abstract

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of 258 imported malaria cases of Huai’an city, and we provide scientific basis for improving malaria diagnosis and monitoring capacity, preventing secondary transmission of imported malaria, and consolidating the achievements of malaria elimination work. Methods Descriptive analysis was conducted by collecting the epidemiological survey data, basic situation table of epidemic spot, report of epidemic investigation and medical record data related to malaria diagnosis and treatment in hospital in Huai’an city from 2012 to 2019. Results All the types of malaria were detected in Huai’an city, including 203 cases of falciparum malaria, 4 cases of vivax malaria, 39 cases of ovale malaria, 8 cases of quartan malaria and 4 cases of mixed infection. These cases had a wide range of importing countries (22 countries). There were 255 cases from Africa, 2 cases from Oceania, and 1 case from Southeast Asia, corresponding to the proportion of 98.83%,0.78% and 0.39% respectively. The number of living days abroad ranged from 15 to 2 990 days, and the number of onset times from 0 to 30. Before the Spring Festival, before the wheat harvest and before the autumn harvest were the three peaks of cases returning to China, accounting for 72.48% (187/258). Most of the reported cases are from District Qingjiangpu, which were 109 cases accounting for 42.25%. The young adults aging from 20 to 49 years old account for 83.33% (215 cases). There are 131 cases detected in the group of the migrant workers, accounting for 50.78%. The average time interval from returning home to onset was 9.5 days, and the longest was 634 days. Among them, 93.10% (189/203) of patients with falciparum malaria became ill within 30 days. The average interval between onset and diagnosis of patients was 2 days, and 254 cases were diagnosed within 30 days (98.45%). Conclusion Since 2012, all the reported malaria cases were imported. The health education for personnel shuttling between high malaria areas and screening for malaria among returnees should be strengthened. We should improve the ability of malaria diagnosis and treatment of medical institutions above the county level to review blood tablets. These methods can avoid the death cases and the secondary spread of the imported malaria, and consolidate the achievements in the elimination of the malaria. 摘要: 目的分析淮安市 258 例输人性疟疾病例流行病学特征,为提升疟疾诊治能力和监测响应水平,防止输人性 疟疾的继发传播,巩固消除疟疾工作成果提供科学依据。 方法 收集淮安市 2012—2019 年疟疾病例流行病学个案调 査表、疫点基本情况表、疫点调査与处置报告、医院有关疟疾诊治的病历资料等,对其进行描述性分析。 结果 淮安市 2012—2019 年输人性疟疾 258 例,其中恶性疟 203 例,间日疟 4 例,卵形疟 39 例,三日疟8例,混合感染 4 例。输人地广 泛,涉及 22 个国家,其中非洲 255 例、大洋洲2例和东南亚 1 例,分别占总病例数 98.83%、0.78%和0.39%。国外居住15~2 990 d,期间发病次数0~30次；回国多集中在春节前、麦收前和秋收前三个高峰,占总回国人数72.48%(187/258)。清 江浦区报告病例数最多,为109例,占42.25%;20~<49岁青壮年215例,占总病例数的83.33%;民工131例,占总病例数 的50.78%;回国至发病时间间隔平均为9.5 d,最长为634 d,其中93.10%(189/203)的恶性疟患者在回国后30 d内发病。患者自发病至确诊时间平均为2 d,30 d内确诊254例,占总数的98.45%。 结论 淮安市自2012年以来全市报告的均 是境外输人性疟疾病例,应加强对往返于高疟区人员的健康教育和归国人员的疟疾筛査,提高县级以上医疗机构的疟 疾诊治和疾控部门复核血片的能力,避免死亡病例发生和防止输人性疟疾继发传播,巩固消除疟疾工作成果。