Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND Survival for glioblastoma (GBM) remains low, with disparities affecting outcomes. Standard of care (SoC) includes surgery and adjuvant chemoradiation. This study explores demographics, treatment patterns, and outcomes of GBM patients in the United States. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on patients with GBM in the National Cancer Database for GBM patients between 2005-2020 according to ESMO Guidance for Reporting Oncology Real-World (GROW). Trends were analyzed with descriptive statistics and X2-test between time periods: 2005-08, 2009-12, 2013-16, and 2017-20. Predictors of SoC receipt were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression. Median overall survival (mOS) estimated using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models. Adjustment made using demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors. Outcomes reported as (Odds Ratio [OR]/Hazard Ratio [HR] 95% Confidence Interval) per STROBE guidelines. RESULTS Of 104,697 GBM patients, 42.5% were female. 91.2% White, 5.7% Black, and 2.0% were Asian. 5.3% were Hispanic. Median age was 65 years (IQR:57-73). Percentage of patients ≥65 years increased from 48.8% in 2005-08 to 54.0% in 2017-20. 56.5% of patients received SoC. SoC usage increased over time: 2009-12 (OR:1.26, 1.21-1.31, P<0.001) vs 2013-16 (OR:1.36, 1.31-1.41, P<0.001) vs 2017-20 (OR:1.51, 1.45-1.57 P<0.001). Females (OR:0.91, 0.89-0.93 P<0.001), Black (OR:0.81, 0.77-0.86 P<0.001), and Hispanics (OR:0.92, 0.86-0.97, P=0.004) were less likely to receive SoC than males, White, and non-Hispanics. Privately insured were more likely to receive SoC than Medicare (OR:0.83, 0.80-0.87, P<0.001), Medicaid (OR:0.68, 0.64-0.71, P<0.001), and uninsured patients (OR:0.60, 0.55-0.64, P<0.001). SoC recipients had mOS of 14.6 months (14.5-14.8) vs 4.8 (4.7-4.9) for non-recipients (P<0.001). Compared to 2005-08, survival improved over time: 2017-20 (HR:0.83, 0.82-0.85, P<0.001) vs 2013-16 (HR:0.88, 0.86-0.89, P<0.001) vs 2009-12 (HR:0.93, 0.91-0.94, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Receipt of SoC has risen with significant increase in survival. However, female, Black, and Hispanic patients were less likely to receive SoC. Targeted efforts are warranted to mitigate disparities.
Published Version
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