Abstract
We know that echocardiographic epicardial fat thickness reflects visceral and myocardial fat accumulation [ 1 Iacobellis G. Willens H. Echocardiographic epicardial fat: a review of research and clinical applications. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2009; 23: 1311-1319 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (475) Google Scholar , 2 Iacobellis G. Ribaudo M.C. Assael F. et al. Echocardiographic epicardial adipose tissue is related to anthropometric and clinical parameters of metabolic syndrome: a new indicator of cardiovascular risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003; 88: 5163-5168 Crossref PubMed Scopus (653) Google Scholar , 3 Malavazos A.E. Di Leo G. Secchi F. et al. Relation of echocardiographic epicardial fat thickness and myocardial fat. Am J Cardiol. 2010; 105: 1831-1835 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (96) Google Scholar ] and is closely associated with cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors, as previously published in the International Journal of Cardiology [ 4 Iacobellis G. Barbaro G. Gerstein H.C. Relationship of epicardial fat thickness and impaired fasting glucose. Int J Cardiol. 2008; 128: 424-426 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (77) Google Scholar , 5 Iacobellis G. Singh N. Leonetti F. Sharma A.M. Relationship of epicardial adipose tissue with atrial dimensions and diastolic function in morbidly obese subjects. Int J Cardiol. 2007; 115: 272-273 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (162) Google Scholar , 6 Malavazos A.E. Ermetic F. Coman C. Corsi M.M. Morrico0ne L. Ambrosi B. Influence of epicardial adipose tissue and adipocytokine levels on cardiac abnormalities in visceral obesity. Int J Cardiol. 2007; 121: 132-134 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (70) Google Scholar ]. Interestingly, epicardial fat thickness has been also associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) [ 7 Ahn S.G. Lim H.S. Joe D.Y. Kang S.J. Choi B.J. Choi S.Y. Relationship of epicardial adipose tissue by echocardiography to coronary artery disease. Heart. Mar 2008; : 94 Google Scholar , 8 Jeong J.W. Jeong M.H. Yun K.H. Oh S.K. Park E.M. Kim Y.K. Echocardiographic epicardial fat thickness and coronary artery disease. Circ J. 2007; 71: 536-539 Crossref PubMed Scopus (283) Google Scholar , 9 Eroglu S. Sade L.E. Yildirir A. et al. Epicardial adipose tissue thickness by echocardiography is a marker for the presence and severity of coronary artery disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2009; 19: 211-217 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (195) Google Scholar , 10 Sade L.E. Eroglu S. Bozbaş H. et al. Relation between epicardial fat thickness and coronary flow reserve in women with chest pain and angiographically normal coronary arteries. Atherosclerosis. 2009; 204: 580-585 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (121) Google Scholar ]. However, we do not know whether this association is explained by the concurrence of obesity or by an independent effect of epicardial fat. This study was aimed to address to this question.
Published Version
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