Eosinophilic cystitis mimicking muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a case report and literature review

Abstract

Objective To evaluate the clinical and pathological features of eosinophilic cystitis (EC), and to discuss its diagnosis and treatment. Methods The clinical and pathological data of one case of eosinophilic cystitis were reported. An 86-year-old male with gross hematuria and urinary urgency for 15 days was admitted on 16 March 2015. A computed tomography scan showed uneven thickening of the bladder wall and a nodular soft tissue on the anterior wall protruding into the bladder cavity. Results Cystoscopic examination showed diffuse thickening of the bladder with polypoid red lesions on the anterior wall. Transurethral biopsies revealed infiltrating eosinophils, which was consistent with the diagnosis of EC. The patient was then treated with anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids and anti-histamine drugs. At 6 months of follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic and had no evidence of local recurrence by ultrasonography. Conclusions Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare disease without specific clinical and imaging features, which can mimic bladder tumor. The final diagnosis of this disease depends on the pathology. Transurethral resection of the lesion along with postoperative hormone and antihistamines administration are the main choices of treatment. Key words: Eosinophilic cystitis; Dysuria; Diagnosis; Therapy