Abstract
This chapter is concerned with satellite Earth observation (EO) information, and its use as evidence. It considers the relevant laws of some Member States of the European Union (EU). Jurisdictions discussed in the chapter are England and Wales, Germany, The Netherlands and Belgium, as representative of laws of Member States, both in civil and common law. Although based on different foundations, the rules governing the admissibility of EO information are broadly similar in the jurisdictions considered. All jurisdictions covered in the chapter have similarly defined standards of proof. The Netherlands has the most precisely defined standards. The courts of all jurisdictions broadly apply logic and common sense to the determination of the probative value of any admissible evidence. EO information is already widely used for monitoring and verification purposes, and in identifying breaches of the law and the need for further investigation. Keywords:admissibility; earth observation (EO) information; European Union; probative value; standards of proof
Published Version
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