Abstract
The paper describes a theory for constructing electrocatalysts based on immobilized enzymes. High-rate enzymatic electron-transfer reactions in solutions and heterogeneous systems are analyzed. Macrokinetics of electrocatalysis with enzymes anchored to equiaccessible surface electrodes is discussed, and a number of expressions interrelating electrode potential and current output on the one hand, and kinetic and microkinetic characteristics of the system on the other, are derived. Electron transfer from the enzyme active center to the conducting matrix is discussed. Two mechanisms are considered: the direct electron transfer mechanism and the mechanism involving intermediate carriers (mediators). The technological potential of immobilized enzyme electrocatalysis is surveyed (bioelectrochemical converters, biophotolysis of water, specific electrosynthesis, biochemical sensors).
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