Enzymes and their application in the diets of pigs

Abstract

Complete and nutritionally balanced feed is an essential factor in increasing the productivity of farm animals at the current stage of animal husbandry development. Feed must satisfy the animals' need for nutrients and biologically active substances (BAS) because the lack of certain nutrients leads to increased feed consumption per production unit and failure to achieve the planned productivity. Adding exogenous enzymes to pig diets is an alternative solution to increase nutritional energy and fiber digestibility to improve pig production at low production costs and reduce environmental impact through reduced nitrogen and phosphorus emission. Feeding enzymes as part of enzyme preparations in the formula of compound feed improves its assimilation. As a result, enzymes positively affect the productive characteristics of farm animals and poultry. Enzyme preparations are used to increase the efficiency of feed nutrients in animal husbandry. They supplement the body's enzymes and significantly accelerate the breakdown of feed nutrients, increasing the completeness of the assimilation of feed components. Moreover, enzyme substances positively affect the health of animals, reducing the risk of disease and strengthening their immunity. Unlike hormones and biostimulants, enzymes do not affect the body of animals and birds. However, they directly affect feed components in the gastrointestinal tract, where they accumulate in poultry and livestock products. Including enzyme preparations in the composition of the compound, feed helps reduce the effect of substances that interfere with the assimilation of nutrients. Today, modern fodder enzyme preparations help realize animals' genetic potential by supplementing the enzyme activity of their enzymes of animals and poultry in the gastrointestinal tract. As a result, animals and poultry receive additional nutrients, so the livestock becomes more uniform in terms of live weight and productivity. Thus, when used and added to feed farm animals and poultry, enzymes have no disadvantages. They increase the digestibility and assimilation of feed nutrients, eliminate or reduce the negative impact of anti-nutrients, and contribute to the replenishment of digestive enzymes in young animals and poultry. Future studies should focus on the interaction between production steps, diet composition, enzyme origin, and the number of added enzymes.