Abstract
Carbonylation of nitrobenzene and aniline on supported metal catalysts provides an environmentally benign route to isocyanate synthesis. Infrared studies suggest that both oxidative and reductive carbonylation proceed via the insertion of adsorbed CO into adsorbed nitrene. Adsorbed nitrene is formed from the deoxygenation of nitrobenzene in the reductive carbonylation pathway and from the dehydrogenation of aniline in the oxidative carbonylation pathway. With appropriate catalysts, oxidative carbonylation can take place at significantly milder conditions than reductive carbonylation.
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