Abstract
The graphite furnace is probably the most sensitive and convenient technique for the determination of trace metals in environmental samples. It is easy to use and the interference problems mentioned in the literature have been reduced greatly by a series of important improvements to the graphite furnace. The use of the L'vov Platform has converted the graphite furnace into a furnace at a stabilized temperature. In addition, new pyrolytically coated tubes greatly reduce certain analytical problems previously experienced for the more refractory analyte metals. Zeeman background correction permits the analysis of samples with much higher backgrounds, permitting lower detection limits of the analyte metals in more complex materials and simplifies methods development. For all of these advantages to be used successfully, the spectrophotometer must handle very fast signals and provide accurate integrated absorbances. In addition, the furnace must be capable of rapidly reaching the desired final temperature. Analytical improvements were found for a variety of environmental analytes and matrices.
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