Environmental pollution control emitted from diesel engines by Al2O3 nanoparticles

Abstract

One of the most important problems for diesel engines is the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and smoke, the use of emulsification technology is one of the most influential ways to control this emissions. In this present work Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) are blended by rotary-stator homogenizer at three different levels (50,100,150 ppm) with prepared Nano-emulsion at optimum composition and circumstances that are analyzed experimentally by Design Expert software. Alumina nanoparticle with its high thermal conductivity (30−1 Wm K−1 compare to diesel and high calorific value which helps to promote more internal combustion due to making higher thermal efficiency. Direct injection (DI), water cooled four cylinders, in-line, natural aspirated Fiat diesel engine was used and run at a constant speed (1500 rpm) and constant fuel injection pressure (400 bars) with varying the operation load. Multigas analyzer model 4880 was used to measure the concentration of the emission gases such as NOx, unburned total hydrocarbon HC, CO2 and CO. The engine exhaust smoke emissions were measured using the AVL-415 smoke meter. Based on these observations, the rate of CO and NOx would be reduced significantly up to 24 and 5.8 %, at 150ppm to net diesel respectively, noting that the net smoke of diesel would undergo the highest change (up to 26.5 %). The results also indicate a 6.97 % fuel consumption reduction accompanied with 6.2 % improvement in the thermal efficiency, utilizing Al2O3 nanoparticles in blended in Nano-emulsion. Enhancement in break thermal efficiency (BTE), reduction in (NOx) and smoke are noticed after mixing Al2O3 into prepared nano-emulsion.