Environmental health risk analysis of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure in children around sugar factory X, Nganjuk Regency

Abstract

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas in the air surrounding residential areas near Sugar Factory X presents a noteworthy health hazard, particularly for children. The objective of this study is to identify the sources of NO2 pollution and perform an Environmental Health Risk Analysis (EHRA) on children's exposure. This study is a quantitative, descriptive-analytical research using secondary data from ambient air quality tests in residential areas surrounding Sugar Factory X in 2022. The data were obtained from relevant agencies. The data were analyzed using EHRA method. The analysis identified the boiler chimney emissions of Sugar Factory X as the primary source of NO2 gas in that area. The overall risk characterization indicated that NO2 concentrations of 0.0514 mg/m3, 0.0528 mg/m3, and 0.0541 mg/m3 were unsafe for children weighing 15 kg and 20 kg, based on a 24-hour daily inhalation time and an exposure frequency of 350 days/year. The effects of exposure were projected over a period of 6 years. Children weighing 15 kg are at a higher risk than children weighing 20 kg. The NO2 concentration limit for a 15 kg child was 0.0261 mg/m3, while for a 20 kg child, it was 0.0348 mg/m3. Sugar factory X is the only source of NO2 pollution in the adjacent residential areas, which poses a threat to children living in these nearby areas, especially those weighing 15 kg. Sugar Factory X is expected to undertake several measures, including replacing the boiler chimneys, conducting regular equipment maintenance, and establishing green belts.