Health Risk Impact of Cadmium Exposure on Public Drinking Water Sources in Kodingareng and Barrang Lompo Islands Sangkarrang District Makassar City

Abstract

The condition of water sources in coastal areas has decreased in quality caused by marine pollution. The source of marine pollution is marine debris. Marine debris is a persistent solid object, produced or processed by humans. Indifference and inability to overcome problems and waste management results in environmental quality degradation. Heavy metals are considered as one of the sources of pollution in well water which is used as a source of drinking water. Heavy metals in water and the environment expose humans to many health risks. This research is a research using environmental health risk analysis method. Environmental Health Risk Analysis is an analytical process carried out to calculate or predict health risks from contamination parameters with certain intake levels, intake rates and body weight. This study aims to determine the level of non-carcinogenic risk (RQ) and carcinogenic risk (ECR) of exposure to heavy metal cadmium (Cd) in well water used as a source of drinking water for people on Kodingareng Island and Barrang Lompo Island. This research is an observational research with an environmental health risk analysis design approach with 6 environmental samples and 68 human samples. Data were analyzed by ARKL method and using Microsoft Office Excel and SPSS programs. The results showed that the average concentration of heavy metal cadmium (Cd) in the respondents' drinking water sources was < 0.0002 mg/L and was still below the permissible cadmium (Cd) concentration threshold based on Health Ministry Regulation no. 492 of 2010 for drinking water requirements. The level of non-carcinogenic risk from the consumption of drinking water containing heavy metal cadmium (Cd) indicates that the respondent has no risk or RQ 1 for an exposure duration of 5 – 30 years, while the level of carcinogenic risk indicates that the respondent has an unsafe risk level or ECR > 1/10,000 at an exposure duration of 30-70 years.