Environmental Governance in Response to Pollution Threats from Dry Bulk Cargo Spill Accidents at Sea

Abstract

Dry bulk cargo involves in shipping accidents often overlooked as pollution threats. Some of them are classified as hazardous noxious substances (HNS), and the impacts are precarious due to their various type, properties, and behavior in the marine environment. Thus, it is pertinent to understand how current governance responds to this matter. First, environmental governance in legislation frameworks provided by global authorities is reviewed. Then, how do some regions and selected nations internalize this legislation with their legislation and institutional arrangements? Indeed, this includes comparative analysis to provide suggestions for addressing challenges faced by Indonesia. This paper aims to give an overview of environmental governance in global, regional, and selected nations in response to pollution threats from dry bulk cargo spills in accidents at sea. Fragmented coordination, lack of implementation capacity, and lack of regional coordination are identified. Indonesia should build a national contingency plan and enhance ASEAN coordination regarding this matter to ameliorate its environmental sustainability.