Environmental Communication Model of Farmer Community in Peatlands Ecotourism Development

Mangrove ecosystem in Peropa’ea protected forest area has an aesthetic landscape that has a potential to be developed as ecotourism. The development of ecotourism in the protected forest area of Peropa’ea as a utilization effort of environmental services is a better strategy because it may reduce pressure on mangrove forest resources and bring socio-economic benefits to the community and area. The Peropa’ea Protected Forest Management Unit (KPHL) has prepared a service business plan environment in the form of “Banda Kawasa” mangrove ecotourism for the period 2015 to 2025. Some steps needed to be studied such as key elements in the development and management of mangrove ecotourism. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify elements and sub-elements in the development and management of mangrove ecotourism. The method used in this research was Interpretative Structural Modelling (ISM) with an element of related institutions, constraints, objectives, and priority programs in the development and management of mangrove ecotourism. The results indicated that the Provincial Forestry Office and Forest Management Unit (KPHL) Peropa’ea were the institutional key player in the development and management of mangrove ecotourism. Limited funding and supporting infrastructure for mangrove ecotourism was the main management constraint, and the program priority was to develop an integrated and sustainable mangrove ecotourism management plan. Therefore, it is recommended to improve the coordination among related institutions to develop and maintain the sustainability of mangrove ecotourism in this area.

Environmental crises such as pollution, forest damage, loss of biodiversity, and climate change are the real problems. The environmental changes can impact the social and economic life of the community. The destruction of mangrove forests and abrasion is a major problem on the coast of Riau Province. This study aims to explain environmental communication through Community based Tourism (CBT) in overcoming mangrove damage in Pangkalan Jambi Village, Bengkalis Regency. This study uses a qualitative method with case studies. The results showed that environmental communication through CBT was carried out by Community Development of PT Pertamina RU II Sei Pakning in collaboration with a fishing group. Environmental communication activities to overcome abrasion and mangrove damage are done by establishing good relations, strengthening fishermen group institutions, and connecting with other groups or stakeholders. Pertamina empowers the fishing group by holding meetings, providing training, and developing tourism-based innovations to conserve mangroves. The emphasis of communication with CBT uses the principles: friendship, deliberation, and mutual cooperation. Mangrove Education Center, besides being a tourist destination, its existence is an important communication channel for public education to care about the environment. This environmental message is not only addressed to empower communities, school students, and local village youth but also has a broad impact on visitors, even becoming mass media coverage and discussions on social media. This CBT-based environmental communication model must be supported and integrated with other stakeholders so that its existence has a wider and sustainable impact.

Damage to mangrove forests and abrasion are the main problems on the coast of the Bengkalis Regency. Conservation of mangrove forests by making community-based ecotourism is the best solution to this problem. This paper aims to explain the environmental communication model in the development of mangrove ecotourism. This research use d a qualitative method with case studie s. The results showed that e nvironmental communication is an essential component in the successful development of mangrove ecotourism. E nvironmental communication planning had at least four stages, namely problem analysis, audience analysis, and goal setting; selection of communication channel and media; message development and media production; and implementation accompanied by evaluation. The model of environmental communication in the development of mangrove ecotourism in Bengkalis Regency was carried out by empowering community groups based on deliberation and mutual cooperation . Environmental communication must be integrated and managed creatively by using various communication methods and channels.

Masjid Lake is one of the Objects and Attractions of Nature Tourism (ODTWA) in Riau Province, which is located in Koto Kari Village, Central Kuantan Sub-District, Kuantan Singingi District. This area is potential to support the economic in the non-oil and gas sector. However, the ecotourism development in this area is not yet optimal because it is not supported by integrated ecotourism development planning. In order to support integrated ecotourism planning, this research was conducted to determine the suitability and carrying capacity of the environment, conduct economic valuation and formulate sustainable ecotourism management strategies. Data type have been used include secondary and primary data. Secondary data include thematic map, rainfall, number of visitor and current ecotourism management system. Primary data include bio-geophysical aspects of water in the lake and environment surrounding the lake, tourist characteristics and management status. Secondary data compiled from relevant sources and formal institutions, while primary data collected with observation and survey. The land suitability analysis used were weighted linear combination (WLC) method followed by the Douglas method to calculate the carrying capacity of the environment. The economic valuation of ecotourism was assessed by the traveling cost method (TCM). Meanwhile sustainable ecotourism management strategy was prepared based on evaluation of the sustainability of management with multi-criteria analysis (MCA) and SWOT-AHP. Based on the analysis, it can be explained that suitable area (S1+S2+S3) for ecotourism development in Masjid Lake around 21.87 ha or 95.10% of Masjid Lake ecosystem, Meanwhile, 1.1 ha (4.9%) not suitable (N) for ecotourism development. From 21.87 hectares of suitable land, it is known that the physical carrying capacity (PCC) value = 9,574 visitors/day, real carrying capacity (RCC) = 6,755 visitors / day and effective carrying capacity (ECC) = 3,378 visitors / day. While the actual tourist visit around 54 visitor/day is not exceeded environmental carrying capacity. The willingness to pay (WTP) value of tourists whom visiting to Masjid Lake around IDR 184,701 / visit / year, giving an actual economic value = IDR 3.64 billion / year, it smaller than available potential economic value=IDR 260.95 billion / year. Based on the MCA and SWOT - AHP analysis, it is shows that the sustainability status of ecotourism management in Masjid Lake classified as poor category with sustainability index=40.0%. However, based on the external and internal factors analysis, it shows that the current situation of ecotourism management in Masjid Lake classified in the favourable category because it has more strengths and opportunities than weaknesses and threats. The strategy that must established to improve current ecotourism management in Masjid Lake is a growth-oriented strategy, as follows: (1) Established an integrated sustainable ecotourism management plan (ISEMP) that accommodates all sustainable ecotourism development aspects; (2) Using the ISEMP as the basis to assess the feasibility a community-based ecotourism management; (3) Improve staff capacity and community participation for continuous ecotourism innovations; (4) Implement a digital-based ecotourism product marketing system according to market trends; and (5) Improving the ecotourism development accountability system and built ecotourism management reputation continuously.

This article from the management and development of ecotourism in the nature reserves analyzes the current problems of the management and development of ecotourism nature in china and offers theories of management and countermeasures aimed at these problems. With people's living standard improved, the overall quality increasingly enhanced, people are willing to go to Protected Areas to experience the natural ecological resources, receive environmental education and acquire natural knowledge. Therefore, the development and management of ecotourism is particularly important.

This study aims to explain the corporate communication of state oil companies through CSR in contributing to overcoming the problems of peatland fires and coastal abrasion. This research uses a qualitative approach with case studies. Research findings indicate that Pertamina’s CSR communication targets farmer groups in dealing with peatland fires, namely establishing good relations, strengthening farmer group institutions, and connecting with other stakeholders or groups. Meanwhile, to overcome coastal abrasion, Pertamina empowers fishing groups in meetings, provides training and develops innovations to conserve mangroves. CSR communication to overcome the problem of forest fires and abrasion is carried out by developing ecotourism through community-based tourism (CBT). CSR activities are carried out with a limited area scale, so that it seems only for publication and corporate imagery. However, the company’s communication with CBT can be an effective communication model in making people aware of protecting the environment. The Peat Arboretum and Mangrove Education Center are not only tourist destinations, but also a medium of communication for environmental education for the community. Environmental communication is not only directed to the local community, school students, and youth, but also to visitors, for media coverage and discussions on social media. Corporate environmental communications must be integrated with communication channels and stakeholders to support sustainable environmental development.

Community based tourism (CBT) initiatives, for example, community-based homestay tourism, have been widely appreciated by its supporters for their potential to empower destination communities. Although these kinds of tourism practices are widespread and promoted as a means to empower local people in the destination area, the influence of CBT on local community empowerment remains an underexplored theme. There are some exceptions. For example, Ramos and Prideaux (2014) studied various aspects of empowerment in the context of a Mayan community in Guatemala. Similarly, Dolezal (2015) investigated psychological and social empowerment in rural villages of Indonesia. Nevertheless, empowerment in tourism studies is still an emerging area of inquiry. This is particularly so for Nepal, where there is a lack of critical empirical research investigating whether these initiatives are delivering the expected outcomes. This is despite the fact that the Nepalese government promotes community-based tourism initiatives, for example homestay tourism aggressively as an empowerment tool for the overall development of rural communities. Thus, in order to address this knowledge deficit, this research examines two community-based homestay projects in Nepal. It explores the extent to which community members’ feel empowered or disempowered as a result of homestay practices. This study furthers debates about the implementation of CBT initiatives as a tool to empower the host destination community residents by developing an understanding from not only the perspectives of the people directly involved in community-based homestay tourism, but also from the viewpoints of the people not directly involved in CBT projects. The research was conducted in two community-managed homestay destinations in Nepal, namely Ghale Gaun Community Homestay and Dalla Gaun Community Homestay, which are run by two different indigenous communities in two different geographical locations. The levels of empowerment were assessed by adopting Scheyvens’ (1999) empowerment framework, which offers equal emphasis to multiple dimensions of empowerment - economic, social, psychological and political. A qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews and participant observation was employed to examine the local peoples’ attitudes, feelings and perspectives about how homestay tourism is economically, socially, psychologically and politically empowering or disempowering them. The evidence suggests some similarities and differences between the two sites. For instance, the residents of both communities identified positive contributions of homestay practice to economic empowerment. However, Ghale Gaun residents demonstrated a higher level of economic empowerment compared to the inhabitants of Dalla Gaun. Socially, Ghale Gaun residents confirmed the social empowerment enhancement in the form of increased cohesiveness, whereas Dalla Gaun residents advised social disempowerment in the form of deteriorating cooperation between each other. In relation to psychological empowerment, both communities acknowledged the support of homestay to promoting their self-esteem and pride in natural, traditional and cultural heritage. Similarly, psychological empowerment was also reflected in the reported increased levels of confidence to engage with people outside of the immediate respective communities. However, these two villages demonstrated remarkable differences in terms of political empowerment as the respondents of Dalla Gaun revealed lower levels of political empowerment in comparison to Ghale Gaun residents. Overall, based on these findings, this thesis concludes that various levels of empowerment can be achieved through community engagement in tourism activities and decision-making processes.

Sustainability communication practices based on local wisdom in building awareness and increasing community involvement in ecotourism management in Waturaka village, Ende Regency, are essential for building ecotourism. Local wisdom is important to sustainability communication because the Waturaka community is still traditional and highly upholds cultural values. This research aims to identify a sustainable communication model for ecotourism development in Waturaka village and identify the role of local wisdom in sustainable ecotourism development. The research uses sustainability communication, ecotourism, and local wisdom concepts. This study utilizes a qualitative approach employing the case study method. Data collection used observations, in-depth interviews, and FGDs. The results showed that horizontal, persuasive, participatory sustainability communication is used to communicate issues: (1) cultural preservation, (2) environmental preservation, (3) tourism promotion, (4) village community-based ecotourism, and (5) education for tourists. Local wisdom in the form of the “Pire” tradition, the Gawi Dance, and the cultural ritual “Pati Ka Dua Bapu Ata Mata” contribute to sustainability communication. In ecotourism development, Interpersonal and group communication carried out by various elements of society can run harmoniously and inclusively. Sustainability communication has an impact on changes in the behaviour of all stakeholders.

In the last decade, the problem of fires in the natural landscapes of Ukraine has aggravated due to climate change, changes in society and land use. Catastrophic wildfires in 2014, 2015 and 2020 indicate that Ukraine is now in the new climate conditions in terms of the level of fire danger. It is clear that in such conditions departmental forest and landscapes fire protection system is incapable of control over the situation. Such situation requires an analysis of the effectiveness of the existing forest and landscapes fire protection system and its improvement in accordance with new risks and challenges. Based on the methods of RS with the help of modern software products, it was established that in Ukraine over the past 19 years wildfires have damaged 38.4 million hectares of natural areas, an average of 2.0 million hectares annually. The most severe problem of wildfires is observed in the southern and eastern parts of Ukraine, where forest cover is low, part of agricultural lands is large (over 70%), which indicates, first of all, a problem of agricultural fires. In comparison to fires (burnings) on agricultural lands, the problem of forest fires does not seem very significant. Yet, taking into the account especially large forest fires in Ukraine during 2007 – 2020 that have led to human deaths, destruction of residential buildings, manufacture and social infrastructure, which has resulted in enormous ecological and economical losses, it is clear that forest fire protection system requires deep analysis and appropriate decisions for its improvement. The article is devoted to the study of fires in the natural landscapes of Ukraine, analysis of the current forest and landscapes fire protection system and ways to improve it. The first step towards establishing a modern fire management system in Ukraine should aim at establishing a reliable national fire statistics system, which would highlight the real problem and include all type of landscape fires - in open lands and in forests. The scientific article represents analyzes the landscape fires for the period 2001-2019 according to the global products of the MODIS system. Also in the article, performed the analysis of the components of the current fire management system and the main shortcomings and key recommendations for its improvement are formulated.

Ecotourism is a particular interest in tourism and often becomes the antithesis of mass tourism. Ecotourism development has several benefits: increased agricultural activities, product processing, Subak income, tourism awareness of Sapta Pesona and entrepreneurship, and recreational opportunities for the community. One of the ecotourism destinations in Bali is Subak Sembung. This paper analyzed the environmental communication conducted for the communities to promote Subak Sembung, Bali, as an ecotourism destination. This study utilized a qualitative research method with a case study approach. The findings were obtained from in-depth-interviews and documentation. Environmental communication itself is a plan and strategy through the communication process and media products to support policymaking, public participation, and its implementation in the environment. The results showed that environmental communication was carried out in Subak Sembung through socializing, counseling initiated by Subak Sembung, and collaborating with the local government. The communication environment also applied Tri Hita Karana (THK) values in Subak to sustain and promote Subak as ecotourism. The THK guides human behaviors in three critical relationships in their lives: the relationship between humans (pawongan), the environment (palemahan), and with God (parahyangan). Balance and harmony in these relationships are essential to achieve sustainability.

Introduction. The article is devoted to environmental communication, which has been functioning in the global space-time for a long time. The purpose of the survey is to analyze the scope of the concept of "environmental communication", to find out the functions of environmental communication, its subjects, features, types, to analyze the existing models of environmental communication, to identify the largest virtual platforms for environmental communication. Methods. A number of general scientific and linguistic methods were used in the research. In particular, the methods of analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction and the descriptive method are used to justify the theoretical base of the research and generalize the observations. The terminological analysis is applied to the definitions of the concept of "environmental communication" that function in the scientific discourse and the Internet space. The comparative method was used to compare models of environmental communication. Using the method of communicative-pragmatic analysis, the functions of environmental communication were determined. Results and discussion. It was determined that the phenomenon of environmental communication has different scientific treatment in different language traditions. The functioning of the concept of "environmental communication" in the English and Ukrainian scientific paradigms and media space is compared: in the English discourse, the same or similar treatment of this concept is observed, on the other hand, in the Ukrainian scientific discourse, it is used in three different meanings, which, however, have a common seme. A refined definition of the considered concept is proposed. The forms of environmental communication (public, group, interpersonal) and its types (direct and mediated, formal and informal, spontaneous and planned, oral, written and visual, verbal and non-verbal, personal and interpersonal) and its subjects are described, its dual subjectivity and interdisciplinary nature, convergence, cyclicity are emphasized. The functions of environmental communication are distinguished, in particular communicative, epistemological, constitutional-perceptive, interactive, and pragmatic. Models of the structure – linear and convergent – of environmental communication as a subspecies of general communication are considered. Educational and scientific platforms for the exchange of environmentally oriented information were considered. We see the prospects for further research in the following: establish hierarchical relationships between the concepts of "environmental communication" and "environmental discourse"; to reveal the ratio of texts of functional styles in environmental discourse, the structure of Ukrainian environmental discourse, etc.

Environmental problems that require serious handling are the problem of land and forest fires, especially on peatlands which cause losses, especially economic and environmental aspects. Peatlands are a natural resource that has the potential to be utilized for the welfare of the community. Utilization of peatlands is not only for agriculture, plantations and residential land, but can be used as peat ecotourism. The large number of peatlands that were initially not utilized, and most of them became unproductive idle lands, can be managed properly and are able to contribute samsirto improving the welfare of the surrounding communities through the company’s CSR program. This paper aims to analyze the management of the CSR program in the development of peat ecotourism in Bukit Batu DistrictPakning River.Researchers collected field data through interviews, observation and documentation. The results showed that the company’s CSR program is directed at developing various community empowerment programs, aiming for the community to have the power, strength or ability in physical and material aspects, as well as economic aspects.Utilization of post-fire peatlands with community empowerment in the process of developing peatland ecotourism through the Peat Typical Tree Planting program on burned land, the development of the Environmental-Based School Curriculum program and the Peat Arboretum Development program. The management of the CSR program is carried out through the planning, implementation and evaluation stages. The management of the CSR program is analyzed throughCommunity Based Tourism (CBT) Model which is a tourism development planning strategy.

GIS-Fuzzy DEMATEL MCDA model for the evaluation of the sites for ecotourism development: A case study of “Dunavski ključ” region, Serbia

Since 1997 until now, forest and land fires (Karhutla) in Indonesia occur almost every year. The 2015 Karhutla incident is believed to have burned 2.61 million hectares of forest and land. In 2016, even though Indonesia was hit by La Nina, forest and land fires continued to burn forest and land area of 14,604.84 hectares. Forest and land fires have a detrimental impact on the environment, social and economy. Even the problem of fires in Indonesia has caused smoke problems for neighboring countries, especially in the Southeast Asia region. The government has tried to deal with the forest and land fires both in the form of regulations and programs, but the forest fires still occur. Several studies have shown problems in handling forest and land fires, including difficulties. The government itself is aware that forest and land fire is a multidimensional problem that requires cross-sectoral coordination to deal with it. Keywords: forest fires, Indonesia, policy

The rich natural resources and multi-ethnic cultural characteristics of the third pole region have created a good foundation for its development of ecotourism. However, the sustainable development of the third Pole ecotourism still needs to be explored on the basis of environmental carrying capacity assessment. Starting from the perspective of tourism environmental carrying capacity, this paper takes the third pillar as the research area, adopts the methods of desktop research, survey and interview, literature search, etc. Based on the construction of environmental carrying capacity model, carries out data analysis from four aspects: ecology, resource space, residents' psychology and social economy. The results showed that the other three carrying capacity levels were higher except for the social and economic carrying capacity. Therefore, it can be concluded that the third pole region is suitable for the development of ecotourism, but due to the low socio-economic carrying capacity, the development of ecotourism should be guided and regulated to some extent, and it is necessary to formulate a strategy suitable for the sustainable development of ecotourism in the third pole.