Abstract
Climate change in terms of increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperature has impact on agriculture including insect pests that minimize the crop yields. To address these impacts, biological studies on aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover on Bt cotton was conducted for six generations during 2013-14 and 2014-15 under different climate change conditions. The results revealed that the biometry of aphid was influenced by increased carbon dioxide (550 ppm CO2) and temperature (rise in 2°C of the prevailing temperature). This was evidenced by decrease in nymphal developmental time (3.67 ± 0.21 days), longevity of adult (9.43 ± 0.41 days), increased fecundity (32.46 ± 0.95) and reduced life cycle (12.28 ± 0.23 days) in the elevated conditions (both 550 ppm CO2 with 32°C as well as in 550 ppm CO2 + 34°C). However, morphometry of aphid showed slight variations in all the treatments but, aphids under elevated conditions showed reduced body size which indicated that the fitness of aphid was effected in the enriched carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature conditions.
Highlights
Morphometry of aphid showed slight variations in all the treatments but, aphids under elevated conditions showed reduced body size which indicated that the fitness of aphid was effected in the enriched carbon dioxide (CO ) and temperature conditions. 2
Some studies concluded that the developmental time of phloem-feeding insects may be reduced by 17 per cent, and adult weight, relative growth rate (RGR) and population size mayactually increase due to elevated CO2 (Bezemer and Jones, 1998; Newman et al, 2003)
Pure CO 2 mixed with ambient air was supplied to the chambers which were regulated byPC linked through Program Logic Control (PLC) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system.The temperature was maintained using infrared heaters mounted two meters above the canopy
Summary
Morphometry of aphid showed slight variations in all the treatments but, aphids under elevated conditions showed reduced body size which indicated that the fitness of aphid was effected in the enriched carbon dioxide (CO ) and temperature conditions. 2. The atmospheric CO2, which is considered to be responsible for the greenhouse effect, has increased from approximately 310 ppm in 1950 to about 400 ppm in the year 2011. This concentration is estimated to reach levels of 421 to 936 ppm by the end of the 21st century, according to forecasting models, depending on the magnitude of future human activities (Stocker, 2013). Some studies concluded that the developmental time of phloem-feeding insects may be reduced by 17 per cent, and adult weight, relative growth rate (RGR) and population size mayactually increase due to elevated CO2 (Bezemer and Jones, 1998; Newman et al, 2003)
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