ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR OF COMMERCIAL HOLDINGS BY BIOINDICATING METHODS

Abstract

Recently, among the wide arsenal of analytical, chemical, microbiological methods the problem of biological indication, that is, the assessment of the state of the environment by the reaction of living organisms has become urgent. The decrease in the morphometric indexes of acacia fruit may be due to a decrease in the number of seeds in the beans. The analysis of the number of seeds in the fruit showed a significant decrease in the investigated index in the territory of sanitary protection zone of the poultry farm in comparison with the control area. In acacia pods, which were selected on the experimental site of the pig farms, poultry farms and in the control area, the percentage of mature seeds is 27,8 %, 47,6 % and 74,5 %, respectively. Averaged data for 2015‑2016 years showed that in acacia pods, which were selected on the poultry farms, the percentage of mature seeds makes up 37,7 %, while in the pig breeding sector, 26,1 % at the same time in the control area it is 74,7 %, which indicates significant pollution of the air in the territory of SPZ. Consequently, it should be noted that the air from the emissions of livestock facilities is not sufficiently cleaned and adversely affects the reproductive system of plants. Bioindication of the atmospheric air using рine Pinus sylvestris L. The visual analysis of pine plants of the usual Pinus sylvestris L. showed that damage to the light green spots, necrotic points and drying occurs near the source of contamination with the needles. According to researches, a decrease in the absolute values of the length of the needles of Pinus sylvestris in the plantations with an approach to the livestock economy and with an increase in the level of environmental pollution is traced. There is also an increase in the number of needles in the shoots, which also indicates air pollution around the poultry farm. According to the research data, it was found out that in more polluted areas the bundles of needles are more closely aligned, and their number is 10 centimeters higher than in the clean zone. The minimum damage to the needle was found in the trees of the control site, and in other areas under investigation the damage to the needle was noted. With the distance from livestock farms, the number of needles on the shoots and the level of necrotic damage decreases, but the length, the width of needles, the weight of 1000 pcs of needles increase. In general, the morphometric indices of the needles of Pinus sylvestris usually vary in a wide range of numerical values, while the necrotic damage of the needle is the most informative bioindicative feature.