Chapter 3 - Environmental applications of remote sensing

The management of the Affairs of the administration of mineral resources and energy field is a very vital Affairs. Through an energy and mineral resources is subject to his life a lot of almost the entire population of Indonesia. In conjunction with the autonomous region, there is a division of duties and authorities delegated from the Centre and the province to the City/County is included in the management of energy and mineral resources. In the management of course there must be institutional authorities and get permission before carrying out exploration. The existence of an integrated one-stop permitting currently on the Government ease the Sragen district are expected to obtain permission in the management of energy and mineral resources. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the institutional side of there is still overlap within the Division of duties and authorities between The SDA, DPU, BLH and BPTPM which resulted in complexity in the running tasks and authorities. the lack of qualified personnel resources in the field of energy and mineral resources, adding to the heavy workload that had to be in the way. In an effort to get permission apparently until recently there hasn't been good in terms of regulatory or permitting that specifically is an integrated one-stop licensing at BPTPM. This resulted in the applicant must be from table to table to get recommendations to the management of permissions. Therefore, it is necessary the presence of the Division of duties and authorities in detail through the applicable local regulations or Regent. Hiring employees with the competencies of the field of energy and mineral resources. As well as enforcing one-stop permitting at BPTPM in the management of mineral resources and energy with the help of a technical team consisting of SKPD related. Of course with such policies will support the Government in the framework of the management of Sragen district affairs governance areas such as energy and mineral resources.

Mineral resources should be an important resource in supporting the Indonesian economy. However, equal welfare has not been felt by the people of Indonesia for seventy-four years of management of abundant mineral resources. People often oppose the management of mineral resources. These facts show problems in managing mineral resources in Indonesia. One of the problems examined in this study is the sociological aspects of the management of mineral resources in Indonesia. This research uses descriptive qualitative method by collecting data through observation and documentation. It can be concluded from this study that: (1) the inadequate mastery of mineral technology in Indonesia causes the management of mineral resources to be suboptimal, (2) Management of mineral resources that is not optimal results in low state revenues from the management of mineral resources, (3) Management of mineral resources opens employment opportunities and increases the escalation of conflict in the surrounding community as well, (4) Management of mineral resources causes environmental damage and health problems for the surrounding community, and (5) The contribution of the management of mineral resources to the economic improvement of the surrounding community is considered insignificant.

The Constitutional Court has decided the case filed by the Governor of East Java and the DPRD of East Java Province in case Number 11/PUU-XIV/2016. This decision became one of the landmark decisions of the Constitutional Court. The aim of this research is to find out and analyze the decisions of the Constitutional Court regarding the management of energy and mineral resources in Indonesia. This research method uses a normative juridical method with a statutory approach. The results of the research, Constitutional Court Decision Number 11/PUU-XIV/2016 have provided legal certainty regarding the regulation of the authority to administer geothermal energy for indirect use, including the authority to grant permits to the Central Government. In subsequent developments, geothermal regulation is regulated in the Job Creation Law which was declared formally conditionally unconstitutional based on Constitutional Court Decision Number 91/PUU-XVIII/2020. Legal system theory as an analytical tool functions to dissect factors relevant to the management of energy and mineral resources.

Characteristic of United Nations Framework Classification for fossil energy and mineral reserves and resources (UNFC-2009) as an universal system of mineral reserves/resources deposits evaluation in market conditions, is given. The UNFC-2009 ensures reporting on reserves / resources evaluation for all types of raw ma-terials, takes into account the influence of ecological and social factors and allows to maintain national termi-nology while ensuring its consistency with the international standards. The comparison with the Classification of Ukraine has allowed to establish that National classification is based on the same approaches to categorization of reserves/resources as the UNFC-2009 and all categories of mineral reserves and resources, which are used by Classification of Ukraine, find their analogues in the UNFC-2009 that not only allows to take into account the needs of the state, but also provides comparability of the statistical reporting on reserves/resources at an international level. The directions for development of the Ukraine Classification on the path to its further harmo-nization with the UNFC-2009 and other classification systems (CRIRSCO, SPE PRMS) are determined. The issues of development, promotion and support for the implementation of a global system that can be used as a tool for sustainable management of natural resources are highlighted. Priority is given to the development and deployment of the United Nations Resource Management System (UNRMS) based on the United Nations Framework for Classification of Resources (UNFC), including principles, specifications, guidelines, protocols (procedures and checklists) and best practices designed to promote the sustainable management of energy, raw materials and other resources.

The Geological Survey of Canada, through the Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals Program, is helping to increase economic prosperity of northern Canada by providing critical geoscience information required for long-term investment, targeted exploration, sustainable development and management of new energy and mineral resources. As a contribution to this program and outreach initiative to increase public awareness and interest in geoscience, seven paintings by the author depict the surficial geology and geomorphic history of northeastern British Columbia, including the northwest limit of the Fort Nelson Lowland, western Etsho Plateau, Maxhamish Escarpment, Tsoo Tablelands, and the Liard, Fort Nelson and Petitot rivers. Lowland regions are underlain by gently dipping natural gas-bearing shale, siltstone and sandstone. Folded and fault-bounded conglomerate, sandstone, carbonaceous shale, coal and limestone form escarpments, tablelands and plateaux. During the last glaciation (30,000 to 12,000 calendar years before present), Maxhamish Lake and numerous smaller basins were excavated as the Laurentide Ice Sheet and meltwater scoured older glacial deposits and weak bedrock. The modern Fort Nelson and Petitot rivers occupy meltwater spillways that drained northwest into glacial lakes confined to the Liard River basin. Over the last 12,000 years, slopes and drainage networks have been modified by fluvial erosion and deposition, landslides, forest fires, beavers and human activity.

The interpretation of geophysical survey results to answer hydrologic, engineering, and geologic questions is critical to diverse problems for management of water, energy, and mineral resources. Although geophysical images provide valuable qualitative insight into subsurface architecture and conditions, translating geophysical images into quantitative information (e.g., saturation, concentration, and hydraulic properties) often involves substantial nonuniqueness and uncertainty owing to the limited resolution of geophysical imaging and uncertainty in petrophysical relations. We have developed a machine-learning approach to address these challenges in the context of a field-based investigation to map zones where a hydrocarbon plume was discharging to surface water at the National Crude Oil Spill Fate and Natural Attenuation Research Site in Bemidji, Minnesota, USA. The two-step approach combines multiple types of geophysical and direct information and effectively bypasses inversion and its associated assumptions. Integrating multifrequency electromagnetic induction, ground-penetrating radar, and fluid-sampling data, we first identify discharge zones and second estimate specific conductance versus depth. Compared with conventional inversion results, the machine-learning results (1) directly address the study objectives (delineating the discharge zones); (2) better extract depth-dependent information from the data, for which sensitivity diminishes rapidly with depth; and (3) quantify the uncertainty of the predictions (i.e., discharge versus nondischarge zones), rather than the uncertainty of the geophysical estimates (i.e., the standard error of estimation for the logarithm of electrical conductivity).

Mineral resources management has today become one of the key factors in the extractive industry which has gotten a lot of attention from the populace and government of resources rich countries, thus its exploration and production must also pursue a sustainable mode. Based on the current management of mineral resources in Sierra Leone, this research will attempt to identify the problems and challenges like the unfavorable historical manner of extractive governance which has impeded growth and development. An immediate requirement for consistent legal, financial and institutional structures will be analyzed in other to improve the process of managing the resources, the economy and accountability of revenue earned from the extractive sector in Sierra Leone.

United Nations Framework Classification (UNFC) for Energy and Mineral Resources is a unique instrument for harmonizing industry business processes, efficient capital allocation with policy framework and government oversights. The core competency of UNFC is focusing on objectives of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) while managing the natural resources required for the present and future needs of society. The company manages the upstream oil and gas sector, with significant expertise in managing exploration and production of hydrocarbon resources in diverse geological, engineering, and commercial environment. Present day activities span a large spectrum from pure reconnaissance for resources to producing from very mature fields with increased geologic, engineering, and commercial complexities. KOC uses Resource and Reserves Management System (KOC-RMS) for accounting and reporting of reserves and resources, which is based on principles of Petroleum Resources Management System (PRMS). PRMS [AZ1]is a framework for classifying and categorizing estimates of petroleum reserves and resources and it is used by most of the upstream oil and gas companies worldwide. UNFC provides common language for classification and reporting of solid mineral and petroleum resources, with main emphasis on socio-economic viability, technical feasibility, and maturity of a project. There have been continued efforts for bridging the gap between PRMS and UNFC systems, including the mapping of PRMS guideline updated in 2007 being to the UNFC system updated in 2009. This effort produced clearly marked similarities between the two systems and there is an effort currently underway to map the PRMS guidelines updated in in 2018 to the recently updated UNFC. This integration will help in comparing renewable energy resources with non-renewable energy. The objective of the present case study is to assess the applicability of UNFC for Energy and Mineral Resources management system for a mature oil reservoir. The results of this UNFC case study identified producing, justified for development, and contingent projects with limited social or environment impediments to development. The novelty of this study is the first known application of the UNFC approach to a petroleum reservoir of the Middle East and shows applicability to similar oil fields around the world. This approach can assist in the identification of all technical and non-technical aspects, such as social and environmental issues associated with development, and may be used to reflect the hydrocarbon resource maturation and reserves progression framework of a reservoir.

The desalination choice: Planned water and power security or decisions by calamity?

Acta Geologica Sinica - English EditionVolume 89, Issue s1 p. 287-287 Meeting AbstractsFree Access Depositional Settings and Enrichment Mechanism of Organic Matter of the Black Shales at the Bottom of Niutitang Formation, Lower Cambrian in Southeast Chongqing: A Case Study from Well Yuke 1 Wei XIA, Wei XIA State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources; School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083 ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorBingsong YU, Corresponding Author Bingsong YU State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources; School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083 ChinaCorresponding author. E-mail: yubs@cugb.edu.cnSearch for more papers by this authorMengdi SUN, Mengdi SUN State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources; School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083 ChinaSearch for more papers by this author Wei XIA, Wei XIA State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources; School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083 ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorBingsong YU, Corresponding Author Bingsong YU State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources; School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083 ChinaCorresponding author. E-mail: yubs@cugb.edu.cnSearch for more papers by this authorMengdi SUN, Mengdi SUN State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources; School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083 ChinaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 20 August 2015 https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.12304_30Citations: 5AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume89, Issues1Special Issue: Meeting Abstracts: The 3rd Academic Conference on Unconventional Oil & Gas Accumulation and Exploration, Qingdao, China, 27 to 30, June 2015September 2015Pages 287-287 RelatedInformation

Remote sensing of earth's resources using broadband electromagnetic response

Today’s economic growth rate of any country hugely depends on development of the mining sector. Thus, the level of technology employed for meeting the extraction conditions must meet environmental norms. Exploration of mineral resources in India and mining is a ready application for technologies for ensuring productivity and efficiency. Mineral resources management uses Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) in the study reported. SDI is a portal where each stakeholder can access, use and exchange spatial and non-spatial data for social, economic and environmental activities. The proposed system at national level may have its nodes at state level and local level on Intranet and/or Internet on Global level. The present work reports the development of an efficient interoperable Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) based SDI Model for mineral resources management in India (Acronym: MRII (Mineral Resources Information Infrastructure)) to provide better geospatial web services for different applications in terms of their functionality, ease of operation and performance as applied in various mineral resources management systems. The MRII is modular. It allows the publishing of web service descriptions as well as to submit requests to discover the web services of user’s interests. The model supports integration of applications and uses thin-client architecture. Web Map Service (WMS), Web Features Service (WFS) and Web Catalogue Service (CS-W) of Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards have been used for sharing and exchange of geospatial data in MRII. The open source GIS software, used for development of MRII, include Quantum GIS for creation of mineral resources geospatial database, PostGIS for storing of spatial database, MYSQL for storing of security aspects of spatial and non-spatial data; ALOV, GeoServer, GeoNetwork, GeoWebCache and Apache Tomcat for imparting geospatial web capabilities and PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor), JSP (Java Server Pages) and GeoExt (Geo Extension) for dynamic server side scripting. The developed MRII presently provides detailed information about mineral resources in India as a test case and aims to deliver spatial information at affordable cost. The same may be used in future for other countries on expanding the volume of spatial data to include the Globe.

This paper develops a model of optimal timing in the exploration and development of mineral deposits. The model is used to analyze Federal public lands mineral resource management systems and to offer some rules for optimal administration within those systems. In particular, it is shown that there are optimal financial terms which, together with an open access policy and strict diligence enforcement, are theoretically capable of producing efficient timing in both exploration and development of mineral deposits on the public lands.

The management of mineral and coal resources is affected by the shift in the paradigm of regional government administration, which now emphasizes aspects of regional autonomy. Law Number 23, 2014 concerning Regional Government, which genuinely adheres to the maxim of maximal regional autonomy, appears to be incompatible with Law Number 3, 2020 concerning the revision of Law Number 4, 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining. In practice, this results in a variety of interpretations of the nature and significance of regional autonomy, which ultimately has repercussions for the management of mineral and coal resources. This research aims to investigate the significance and nature of regional autonomy in connection to the management of mineral and coal resources. This is doctrinal legal research and a philosophical approach is applied based on legal principles. The findings are the fundamental principles of managing mineral and coal resources in the future era of regional autonomy focuses on returning to the principle of being a state, which means that the use of mineral and coal resources must be in accordance with the ideals of the state outlined in paragraph 4 of the Preamble of the 1945 Constitution, aspects of environmental harmonization and spatial alignment and the application of the principle of proportionality in regulating government and local government authorities.

Purpose: This study examines the Mediating effect of Institutional Policy Implementation on Uganda’s Mineral Resource Management.
 Materials and Methods: The study uses a cross-sectional design suggested by Bell et al., (2018) to examine Mediating effect of Institutional Policy Implementation on Uganda’s Mineral Resource Management. This design involves data collection at a single point in time to identify patterns between variables. The study population consisted of 39 institutions that are involved in the management of mineral resources in Uganda (Ministry of energy and mineral development, 2022). The study targeted a sample size of 34 institutions, determined using the sample determination table developed by Krejcie and Morgan (1970).
 Findings: The results in this study indicate that Managerial Competence has a direct and significant impact on Uganda’s Mineral Resource Management. This means that competent managers are better equipped to make informed decisions, efficiently allocate resources, and implement best practices in the mining sector. The study also reveals that the relationship between Managerial Competence and Mineral Resource Management outcomes is not entirely independent of external factors.
 Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Institutional Theory, developed by Meyer and Rowan in 1977, provides a theoretical framework to understand how institutions and organizational structures influence behavior and decision-making within organizations and it helped to introduced Institutional policy implementation which acted as a mediator in this relationship, meaning that the effectiveness of policies set by relevant institutions can influence how managerial competence translates into actual outcomes in Uganda’s mining industry. The policy implication in this study is that Uganda’s policy makers should prioritize strengthening institutional capacity utilization through targeted training programs and capacity-building initiatives as this would promote the achievement of sustainable and responsible Mineral Resource Management in the country.