Abstract
Nowadays, beneficial microorganisms are getting wider applicability. One example is referred to as Effective Microorganisms (EM) having its composition kept a secret. EM is a product in liquid form, which consists of a variety of not only effective and beneficial microorganisms but also nonpathogenic ones, with admirable coexistence between aerobic and anaerobic types of microorganisms. The aim of this narrative review is to provide a summary of the different uses and applications of EM, their applications, their benefits, and the expected results when using them in different applications. This is the first review to focus on the uses of EM in environmental engineering systems and processes such as wastewater treatment processes. Originally, EM was manufactured to be utilized in organic farming, but at the moment, this substance is getting wider applications such as in medicine, environment, livestock sector, forestry, and agriculture. When it comes to the protection of the environment, EM helps in waste deodorization, eutrophication control, and wastewater. Investigation on EM use in water quality restoration, wastewater treatment, the treatment of sludge, and composting has been undertaken by researchers. This review provides an overview of the current situation of environmental application of EM in various fields including water quality, wastewater treatment, sludge treatment, and composting.
Highlights
Today, beneficial microorganisms (BMs) are getting wider applicability or uses.BMs, for instance, can be applied to the environment in three main ways namely the single strain, compound strains, and multiple strains with some synergists [48]
Effective Microorganisms (EM) has several beneficial microorganisms such as five families and ten general as well as more than 80 types of aerobic and anaerobic microbes like lactic acid bacteria, photosynthesis bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and yeast that work together to make up EM during the manufacturing process and produce a substance that survives in a mixture of EM cultured in a brown solution containing
For every one unit of EM, 1000 units of wastewater were treated and this led to an 84%, 62%, 62%, and 60% reduction in total suspended substance (TSS), turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD)
Summary
Beneficial microorganisms (BMs) are getting wider applicability or uses. BMs, for instance, can be applied to the environment in three main ways namely the single strain, compound strains, and multiple strains with some synergists [48]. It has been demonstrated that EM produces substances that play the role of antioxidants [25] and inhibit harmful microbial species as well as enhance the production/proliferation of organisms that are beneficial to an animal. EM was manufactured to be utilized in organic farming, but at the moment, this substance is getting wider applications such as in medicine, environment, livestock sector, forestry, and agriculture [6] When it comes to the protection of the environment, EM helps in waste deodorization, eutrophication control, and wastewater [48]. The main objective of this review is to provide an overview of the actual situation of environmental applications of EM in different fields including water quality, wastewater treatment, sludge treatment, and composting
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