Environmental and molecular approach to dye industry waste degradation by the ascomycete fungus Nectriella pironii

Aleksandra Góralczyk-Bińkowska,Jerzy Długoński,Anna Jasińska,Przemysław Bernat,Andrzej Długoński

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-03446-x

Aleksandra Góralczyk-Bińkowska, Jerzy Długoński + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-03446-x

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Abstract

Textile industry effluents and landfill leachate contain chemicals such as dyes, heavy metals and aromatic amines characterized by their mutagenicity, cytotoxicity and carcinogenicity. The aim of the present study was investigation of the ascomycete fungus N. pironii isolated from urban postindustrial textile green space for its ability to grow and retain metabolic activity in the presence of the dye industry waste. Research focused mainly on dyes, heavy metals and aromatic amines, which had been detected in landfill leachate via HPLC–MS/MS analysis. Presence of all tested compounds as well as leachate in the growth medium clearly favored the growth of fungal biomass. Only slight growth limitation was observed in the presence of 50 mg L-1o-tolidine. The fungus eliminated o-tolidine as well as dyes at all tested concentrations. The presence of metals slightly influenced the decolorization of the azo dyes; however, it was still similar to 90%. During fungal growth, o-tolidine was hydroxylated and/or converted to toluidine and its derivatives. Laccase and cytochrome P450 involvement in this process has been revealed. The results presented in the paper provide a valuable background for the development of a fungus-based system for the elimination of toxic pollutants generated by the textile industry.

Highlights

Textile industry effluents and landfill leachate contain chemicals such as dyes, heavy metals and aromatic amines characterized by their mutagenicity, cytotoxicity and carcinogenicity
The threat to the environment arises especially there, where larger amounts of waste are improperly accumulated and stored, e.g., in Poland, postproduction waste landfills of the former “Boruta” Dye Industry Plant located in Zgierz near Łódź and the Textile Industry Factory “Wistom” in Tomaszów Mazowiecki (Fig. 1), which are on a list of “Waste collection places that pose a threat to human health and life”[12]
The results indicate that cytochrome P450 monooxygenases might participate in the initial stage of o-tolidine degradation, but later, this process was not dependent on CYP450

Summary

Introduction

Textile industry effluents and landfill leachate contain chemicals such as dyes, heavy metals and aromatic amines characterized by their mutagenicity, cytotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Industry waste contains a number of deleterious substances and is a key problem both for the environment and for human life and health in numerous countries, including P oland[8,9,10,11]. In the case of landfills for the textile industry, leachate frequently contains synthetic azo dyes, which are commonly used due to the widest scale of c olours[7,13,14] and their intermediates, e.g., potentially carcinogenic aromatic amines, which are formed by anaerobic reduction of these compounds underground. Dyeing processes involve a variety of colorants and different alkalis, organic and inorganic salts, acids and heavy metals; it is essential to seek microorganisms that decolorize dyes and retain their properties in conditions unfavorable for the metabolic activity of most microorganisms

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