Abstract
Textile industry is one of the most polluting industries in the world. It has a high importance in terms of its environment impact, since it consumes a considerably large amount of water and produces highly polluted discharge water. In this work, characterization of toxic organic compounds is proposed. Based on gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) screening analysis, organic micropollutant diversity of textile effluents from a local textile processing factory was investigated. In the present work, physicochemical characterization of the studied textile effluents showed considerably high values of principal pollution parameters above the prescribed discharge water limits. Heavy metals like zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) were found to be present within the permissible limits. The results of GC/MS revealed the presence of various organic compounds belonging to a wide range of chemical classes. Main groups of chemical compounds detected in these effluents were aromatic carboxylic acids, alkanes, aromatic amines, phthalates, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and linear aliphatic alcohols. The results of this study allowed significant contributions to the chemical characterization of textile industry contaminants and identification of indicators that can be considered an important tool for assessment of the potential impact of textile activities to the contamination of aquatic environment and health hazard.
Highlights
Because of the increase of various types of industrial effluents, there is a growing concern regarding the potentially adverse effects of textile effluents on aquatic biota and humans due to the contamination of water used in textile industry
Samples of textile effluent used in this study were collected from a textile factory of 3200 m2 surface, located at Sidi Brahim industrial area in Fez, Morocco. is factory produces cotton and polyester clothes, discharging more than 400 m3/day of wastewater, which originates from different manufacturing processes. e scheme of sampling site is shown in Figure 1. e wastewater samples were filled in cleaned polyethylene bottles with coated screw caps and stored in the dark at a temperature of 4°C
Physicochemical Characterization of Textile Effluents. e textile effluent samples collected from the studied site during production process were characterized with common parameters
Summary
Because of the increase of various types of industrial effluents, there is a growing concern regarding the potentially adverse effects of textile effluents on aquatic biota and humans due to the contamination of water used in textile industry. Being emitted at a significant concentration level, organic compounds in textile effluents normally present a high structural diversity and reveal notable ecotoxicological effects. Indicative compounds reflecting specific industrial processes and the corresponding chemicals have been reported rarely. Castillo and Barcelo [2] have reported the appearance of phenol, nonylphenol isomers, and phthalate esters in the effluents of a textile industry in Portugal. E effects of the contaminants have been investigated in many large-scale studies over a long period of time, and the results are worrisome [5,6,7,8,9,10] Pinheiro et al [3] and Bilgi and Demir [4] have found that the degradation products of azo dyes, such as 6-acetylamino3-aminonaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid, N-(3,4-bishydroxymethylphenyl) acetamide, aromatic amines, and anilines, can pose a hazard to the aquatic environment. e effects of the contaminants have been investigated in many large-scale studies over a long period of time, and the results are worrisome [5,6,7,8,9,10]
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