Abstract
Objective: In this paper, we review the epidemiological evidence on the relationship between environmental and ingestible toxins and colorectal cancer. Data sources and date extraction: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for epidemiological studies on environmental and ingestible toxins and colorectal cancer published before June 1, 2022. Results: Studies have reported positive associations between colorectal cancer and different persistent organic pollutants, non-persistent organic pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, and metals. Conclusion: While the pathogenesis of CRC is likely multifactorial including both modifiable lifestyle factors (e.g., dietary, smoking, physical activity) and nonmodifiable (genetic, colitis-associated) risk factors, the role of the environment may be an additional and frequently forgotten contributor.
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