Abstract
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) has gained popularity worldwide in recent years, and its use in buildings and civil engineering structures has attracted attention in Japan. In this study, the life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) balance and costs associated with CLT floor slabs were evaluated with respect to small-scale bridge repair as the first instance of the use of CLT in civil engineering projects in Japan. Additionally, waterproofing treatment was applied to CLT slabs, and the potential GHG and cost reduction of CLT in comparison with reinforced concrete (RC) slabs were examined. GHG emissions were the smallest for non-waterproofed CLT slabs and the greatest for RC slabs. When replacing RC slabs with CLT slabs without waterproofing, fossil-derived GHG emissions can be reduced by 73 kg-CO2eq/m2 per slab, and fossil/wood-derived GHG emissions can be reduced by 67 kg-CO2eq/m2; however, the use of disposed CLT as fuel is essential. Moreover, a reduction in GHG emissions can be expected if RC slabs are replaced with CLT slabs that are waterproofed only once every 20 years. Further, the cost associated with RC slabs is 20% of that attributable to CLT slabs. Hence, measures need to be taken to reduce the cost of CLT and waterproofing materials.
Highlights
Timber is a renewable resource that is subject to sustainable forest management policies and its effective use supports a sustainable society
The life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) balance and costs attributable to Cross-laminated timber (CLT) slabs used in small-scale bridge refurbishment over a 50-year period were evaluated as the first example of CLT use in civil engineering projects in Japan
We examined possible ways in which the GHG emissions and costs associated with CLT slabs may be reduced by comparing the application of waterproofing treatment to CLT slabs with those of general reinforced concrete (RC) slabs
Summary
Timber is a renewable resource that is subject to sustainable forest management policies and its effective use supports a sustainable society. Of small-scale bridges were over 50length years of old as than of 2019. 32% of small-scale bridges were over 50 years old as of 2019 This proportion is forecasted to increase updated reinforced to. When replacing RC slabs with CLT the potential use of as fuel after disposal is indispensable. RC slabs with CLT slabs with waterproofing treatment, only a minimal reduction inWhen. If slabs with waterproofing treatment, only a minimal reduction in can be expected. 16%are of the cost of CLT slabsatwithout waterproofing slabs with waterproofing treatment and. Of the cost of slabs without waterproofing treatment These results suggest that reducing the material cost of CLT and waterproofing materials is treatment.
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