Abstract
Nanoporous TiO2 anatase was environment-friendly prepared using coffee husk extract (CHE) as bio-template instead of hazardous chemicals and solvents and ultrasonic waves. Caffeine and caffeic acid were found to be the main compounds in CHE to modify the morphology of TiO2. The properties of as-prepared titanium dioxide particles were determined by different characterization techniques. The results demonstrate the formation of a meso/macro-porous channel consisting of small TiO2 particles (8–10 nm). The as prepared green nanoparticles exhibited improved photocatalytic activity for the degradation of organic water pollutants with good recyclability. The enhancement in efficiency of green nanoporous TiO2 can be attributed to higher surface area and the presence of more active adsorption sites inside the pores. The current research provides for a low cost, safe, and eco-friendly way to produce efficient photocatalysts for remediation of polluted water.
Highlights
IntroductionWater pollution has turned into a worldwide issue and the entire environment is aggravating as well as more diseases are caused worldwide due to water pollution [1,2]
Nowadays, water pollution has turned into a worldwide issue and the entire environment is aggravating as well as more diseases are caused worldwide due to water pollution [1,2].water is treated in a number of traditional ways such as chemical precipitation, ion exchange, and electrochemical removal
UV-vis absorption spectroscopy measurement of coffee husk extract (CHE) with absorption in the range 200–400 nm shows two peaks, one peak at 275 nm attributed to caffeine and the peak at 320 nm attributed to caffeic acid [36,37]
Summary
Water pollution has turned into a worldwide issue and the entire environment is aggravating as well as more diseases are caused worldwide due to water pollution [1,2]. Water is treated in a number of traditional ways such as chemical precipitation, ion exchange, and electrochemical removal These procedures have huge drawbacks, as they lead to incomplete removal, require high-energy, and produce toxic materials [3,4,5,6]. There are many ways for the preparation of TiO2 such as the solvothermal method, hydrothermal method, sol-gel method, chemical vapor deposition, and electrodeposition These methods require high energy and hazardous materials and solvents [13,14,15,16]. Green synthesis of nanomaterials is an alternative route to physical and chemical methods that leads to environment-friendly products due to the use of non-toxic materials, and does not require high temperatures and pressure, and at a lower cost.
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